Introduction. Composites based on epoxy oligomers are characterized by complex of beneficial operational properties. However, wide use of such composites in modern construction industry is limited by their relatively low fire safety. It is known that properties related to fire safety can effectively be controlled by brominated fire retardants. At the same time, quantitative dependencies between amount, chemical type of retardant and properties related to fire safety of epoxy polymers till now are not revealed in detail. Purpose of the work. The purpose of this work is to study the dependencies between combustibility, fume evolution of epoxy-based polymers and amount and chemical type of industrial additive and reactive brominated fire retardants. Materials and methods. Epoxy polymers were prepared on the base of ED-20 epoxy resin. Several additive and reactive flame retardants are used: hexabromobenzene, decabromo-diphenyloxide, 2,4,6-tri-bromanyline, 3,5,3,5-tetrabromo-4,4-diamino-diphenylsulfone, N(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, tetrabromo-diphenylolpropane, pentabromophenol, pentabromophenol glycidyl ether, tetrabromo-phthalic anhydride, chlorohydrin pentabromophenol ether, microencapsulated chladone 114B2, CCl4, ammonium polyphosphate, decabromodiphenyloxide, reactive halogen-containing epoxy oligomers OXYLIN-6 and UP-631 and brominated epoxy oligomer ED-22. DuPont-9900 device is used for thermal analysis. Properties related to fire safety are determined in accordance with RU GOST 12.1.044-89 and several methods that were previously developed by authors of this work. Results. It is shown that there is only a weak dependence between chemical structure of the bro-minated fire retardants and combustibility of epoxy polymer. The primary factor that determines fire safety is the total amount of bromine. Another important factor that controls efficiency of brominated fire retardant is the proximity between temperatures of start of intensive decomposition for polymer and brominated com-pound. As gas phase fire retardants, brominated compounds inhibit the radical chains of flame processes and phlegmatize the flame by decomposition products. The flammability and combustibility of epoxy polymers decreases together with the increase in the content of additive brominated fire retardants: the oxygen index can be increased by about 50 %, the ignition temperature decreases by about 5 %. The effectiveness of microencapsulated fire retardants that allow to actively suppress the ignition source and to eliminate fire at the initial stage, significantly depends on the diameter of the microspheres and the chemical nature of the fire retardant used; in general, the effectiveness of microencapsulated fire retardants is slightly lower than the effectiveness of their active compound. The use of reactive compounds prevents the migration of the fire retardant; for such fire retardants, a linear dependence between oxygen index and bromine concentration was observed. Conclusion. In the present work we have summarized results of several laboratory tests that allow to reveal the influence of content and chemical nature of brominated fire retardants to the fire hazard indicators of epoxy polymers. A correlation was found between the oxygen index and the combustibility index. It is shown that to obtain low-combustible materials the oxygen index should exceed 31 %. It has been estab-lished that the chemical structure of additive aromatic brominated fire retardants has practically no effect on flammability. It was found that the optimal concentration of industrial brominated fire retardants is 8-10 % by weight.

In processes of filling, draining and transportation of hydrocarbon liquids in tanks and tanks, spraying is resulted by their electrization that promotes emergence of static electricity. Electrostatic discharges are capable to ignite mixes of combustible steams with air or other oxidizers that is one of origins of the fires and explosions in technological devices. One of the modern directions of development of technologies is creation of nanofluids on the basis of carbon nanoparticles, including MWCNT with adjustable parameters warm and the mass transfer. Nanofluids represent suspensions with small concentration of particles of the firm phase. In work electrophysical properties of the modified hydrocarbon liquids were investigated: NEFRAS C2-80/120 gasoline and kerosene of TS-1. Modification consisted in dispersion in liquids of the carbon nano-materials supporting MWCNT which were received by method of catalytic pyrolysis on the “CVDomna”. MWCNT are the functionalization by the reagent method, and their structures are investigated by method of the Raman spectroscopy. Electrophysical modification was carried out by impact on the studied structures of VFMP. It is established that the coefficient of surface tension of the modified hydrocarbon liquids on the basis of NEFRAS C2-80/120 gasoline increased for 6…25 %, and time of drop falling increased by 10…18 %. In the conditions of influence of VFMP of value of coefficient of surface tension of nanofluids preferential decreases by 3…5 %, but expiration time at the same time also increases by 12…15 %. Values of coefficient of surface tension for nanofluids on the basis of kerosene of TS-1 increased up to 6 %. For values of time of the expiration increase in values by 10…24 % was observed. In the conditions of electrophysical impact additional reduction of value of coefficient of surface tension by 4…6 %, and also insignificant increase in exhaust speed by 3…5 % is observed. Values of time of evaporation of the modified nanofluids from the open surface are received, at the same time decrease in intensity of evaporation on average by 30 % for NEFRAS C2-80/120 gasoline was observed. For kerosene of TS-1 decrease in intensity of evaporation to 38 % depending on the used MWCNT was observed that can be explained with sorption properties of substances. At electrophysical influence intensity of evaporation of nanofluids on the basis of NEFRAS C2-80/120 gasoline approaches the values corresponding to basic liquid, and on the basis of kerosene of TS-1 there is the considerable decrease - by 3.1 times. At the research of processes of electrization of hydrocarbon liquids in the conditions of ultrasonic homogenization practically for all samples of nanofluids lower speed of electrization in comparison with basic liquids was observed that testifies to their higher direct-current conductivity. At electrophysical impact there is the additional decrease in electrization of nanofluids that can be connected with impact of VFMP on electrization processes, and also stabilization of nanoparticles in basic hydrocarbon liquids. The received results speak about the possibility of decrease in probability of emergence of explosive concentration in technological devices with hydrocarbon liquids at introduction of nanomaterials to them with MWCNT. Process of homogenization of nanofluids with MWCNT is characterized by lower growth rate of electric field intensity that in turn promotes decrease in probability of spark discharges of static electricity. Electrophysical impact by means of VFMP allows to manage quickly fire and explosion hazar-dous properties of hydrocarbon liquids in the conditions of the operating technological processes.

Double-decker railway cars have begun to be operated on the railroads of Europe since the 19th century. They were issued in two options - with seats and regiments for night rest of passengers. Double-decker cars were issued and operated in Russia and the USSR, but in limited scales. Similar cars, including high-speed are widely used still in various countries. The current stage of development of Open joint stock company “Russian Railways” in terms of passenger traffic is characterized by the increase of their comfort and safety. In this regard, the economy class cars it is planned to replace a double-decker compartment cars of similar capacity. Taking into account the possibility of emergence of a fire, these cars are equipped with fire alarm, fire extinguishing and rescue of the passengers through the windows of the emergency exits. However, it is necessary to simulate the development of fire effects under different scenarios of its emergence on the floor of the car. The aim of such modeling is the determination of time of blocking of evacuation ways and exits of the floors and the car in general and evaluation of the safety of passengers. This article discusses several options for modeling the development of dangerous fire factors - using a field model, implemented by a computer program and the analytical expressions under the integral and zonal models. According to the results of computer studies have shown that a fire in a double-decker train is the greatest danger for passengers of the second floor. This is due to the dynamics of the temperature increase at the exit to the floor, and a quick smoke. The different used models of fire development give consistent results. In the end, the proposals to increase the safety of passengers in case of fire. Such offers can include increase in number of windows emergency exits and the equipment of hatches on a roof of the car for production of smoke and high-temperature products of burning for the purpose of simplification of evacua-tion and rescue of passengers from the 2nd floor.

The article is dedicated to the basic aspects of providing of fire safety of the transportation system through the use of advanced information technology. The management of fire risk can significantly reduce the likelihood of fires on objects of the industry. Guidance and regulatory documents (standards, orders, and methods) are given to the persons responsible for fire safety, to assess these risks with the involvement of scientific methods and the results of the assessment to respond to existing hazards. The implementation of the requirements of these documents in relation to the transport system involves the need to integrate features such as: distributed high-scale nature, exposure to a large number of various fire danger factors, dynamic transport system and the environment. These features do not allow the use of traditional calculation methods of risk assessment and a focus on the transition to new directions, such as handling large amounts of data, artificial intelligence etc. As a re-sult, the problem arises of improving the management processes of fire risk in transport, the solution of which is seen in the widespread introduction of information technology. The basis which provides control of fire risks in transport and the use of new methods and techno-logies should be the information space fire security. Its development is planned to be formed in the context of a Single information space of the Intelligent multimodal transporting system. This thesis outlines the basic principles and the hierarchical nature of the architecture of the information space of fire safety. The lower level of this information space - the data field - need to accumulate large amounts of data about the fire situation in the transportation system (facilities, roads, vehicles, etc.) and to solve the problem of filtering, systematization, generalization, etc. Next level is a field of information and is aimed on the extraction of useful details such as patterns and trends (predictions) of development of the fire situation, due to mining the most informative data. The upper level or field of knowledge implies the possi-bility of the formation of expert judgments of the fire situation. Application processes, allowing assessing the risks and developing recommendations for their accep-tance or rejection, have the opportunity to receive information service from any field depending on a task. Models, methods and algorithms can be traditional or innovative. The innovative methods that have been proven in other subject areas have shown the possibility of their effective application in the management of fire risks. These include: analysis of association rules, cluster and segmentation analysis, classification methods and regression analysis, analysis of outliers/anomalies, text analysis, time series analysis, visualiza-tion, analytical data, etc. Thus, the implementation of considered information technologies applied to the management of fire risk in transport allows to expect positive results in the practice of countering the threats of fires.

Forest fires are uncontrolled burning of vegetation in forest territory. Its danger lies in its rapid and spontaneous spread, which is difficult to combat, and the consequences are long-term restoration of flora and fauna in the territory where it happened, damage to the ecological, economic, material condition of the terri-tory of the region, physical and psychological health of people. At the same time, the prevention and elimina-tion of forest fires is very expensive. At the same time, an important task is to quickly and effectively eliminate the fire, planned so that the costs were minimal. Depending on the type of forest fire, it is important to make timely decisions on the liquidation of such natural disasters. Such solutions require considerable time, analysis of a large amount of information and can not always be called optimal. Thus, it is urgent to create methods and tools to improve the quality of firefighting forces and facilities. At the same time, the efficiency of operational control under conditions of considerable uncertainty depends not only on the reliability of the information, but also on its qualitative analysis, and in conditions of limited time. The article deals with the mathematical support for more effective decision-making in the elimi-nation of forest fires. As a tool of fuzzy modeling was selected based on the theory of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic. The substantiation of this approach is presented. Briefly outlines the main provisions of the method of fuzzy modeling. As a control function were chosen pace of barrage bands at different stages of fire fighting. This control is formed as a function of measurement known area of fire and its propagation velocity. The effi-ciency and effectiveness of the algorithm of forming control function were confirmed by numerical simula-tions. In modeling, to simulate a real situation, the fire pattern in the form of non-linear differential equations, developed by the author of this article was used.

В советские годы алюминий активно использовался при монтаже электрических сетей. В последние годы при реконструкции зданий и сооружений различного назначения алюминиевые провода постепенно заменяются на медные. Считается, что причиной такой замены является высокая хрупкость алюминия при изгибах, низкая механическая прочность при разрыве, а также его способность окисляться на воздухе с образованием защитной пленки, обладающей большим электрическим сопротивлением. Почему же в настоящее время медные проводники предпочтительнее алюминиевых и во всех ли случаях следует выполнять такую замену?