Introduction. Fire protection system design for cultural heritage objects inRussian Federation is regulated by normative documents and regional construction norms. Russian Federation Government Regulation on 29.06.2017 No. 774 approved using of check-lists at planned inspection for protected objects, with key issues concerning obligatory requirements for safety of health and life, cultural heritage objects, environment, including potential external hazards (natural and man-made emergency situations).

Check-lists are also used by museums presenting their collections for temporary and touring exhibitions. Check-list data allow estimating of accepting museum condition. Check-list use in international normative documentation is analyzed in this work.

Methodical materials. Documents developed by CFPA and NFPA are considered.

Results and discussion. In common these lists include fire compartmentation, fire and smoke spread restriction, safe evacuation, fire protection systems at the object. Some documents present information on potential hazard, which can be used for probabilistic fire risk assessment at the object. Probabilistic approach is based on rational comparison of fire hazard factors, human safety level, expected damage and loss and finally fire protection costs.

NFPA standards also present scenario for fire protection estimation method at cultural heritage objects. Various aspects are ranked in points, and objects are grouped by expert assessment. Recommendations and remedial measures are developed for each group.

Conclusion. Check-lists analyzed in the paper (or developed on basis of them) can be included in Code of practice for fire protection of cultural heritage objects, with consolidation of fire safety requirements in normative documents and Regulation development experience for such objects.

Introduction. At many protection facilities one of the most important problems is the lack or absence of highly qualified specialists with the appropriate professional education, knowledge and experience that can prevent in a timely manner, predict the fire hazard situation, suggest the necessary measures to reduce fire risk, and minimize the consequences from a fire.

Studies were carried out in the framework of the identification of the causes of ignition sources, products and devices that caused a fire. To determine these regularities, an analysis of statistical data on fires that occurred between 2001 and 2015 was carried out at production facilities for storing oil and oil products.

Methods. The expert’s goal was to fill the knowledge base of the developed computer expert system, which allows specialists to take timely measures to prevent fires and reduce fire danger. As moderators of expert appraisal, experts of State Fire Service Academy of Emercom ofRussia acted. Their task was to clarify the purpose, tasks of expert evaluation, questions and answers. As experts, employees of one of the typical oil and petroleum product storage facilities, corresponding to the following categories: workers of various specialties (carpenters, electricians, electric and gas welders, plumbers, repairmen) and engineers and technicians (chief mechanic, engineers of the production and technical department, the goods operator (refuellers)).

Results and discussion. The data obtained as a result of the survey allows us to identify patterns, identify weaknesses in the fire safety system for which priority actions are required, and also to create a database of expert decision support systems. Logical links between questions and answers can be generalized and identified certain regularities that need to be identified as acquired knowledge.

Conclusions. With full knowledge base saturation, this expert system will allow the user to correctly and timely identify a fire hazard situation on the protected object, receive the necessary information and analytical support to prevent them.

Introduction. The article considers issues relating to improvement of activities as to extinguishing of major fires by manpower and resources of fire-rescue units for the account of additional information support of officials with the emergency system of control over results of objective remote monitoring of fire in the building. A complex of fire monitoring results is considered as a component of integrated informational space for the control of emergency services reacting at destructive events in social environment.

Development of monitoring model. A class of hierarchical multi-criteria systems of fire monitoring has been considered. In such systems, a multi-criteria model for monitoring fire in the building is developed for formalized description of the process of collection of information on altering values of fire parameters. The model represents a complex of analytical solutions of a system of differential equations which describe alteration of monitoring parameters during fire development. The model is implemented as software with which help evaluation of alteration of fire monitoring parameters is performed and their exponential temporal relationship is detected.

Implementation of results. In order to account monitoring results, in decision-making models methods of monitoring parameter normalization are suggested. For various monitoring parameters in terms of structure and dynamics a multiplicative model of a complex monitoring index is developed. The developed model is adapted to be introduced into systems of decision-making support in terms of set-theoretic analysis of variants for controlling fire-rescue units when extinguishing fires.

Conclusions. Results of set-theoretic analysis of variants for controlling, allowed on a qualitative level to account relative importance of monitoring indices over resulting function of decision making. The following is suggested: trends for further development of methodological component of monitoring of fire in buildings aimed at increase of obj ectivity of the managerial decisions being made as well as for decrease of impact of human factors upon the process of control of fire-rescue subdivisions when extinguishing fires in buildings.

It is shown that fires on vehicles refer to particularly severe accidents, so the problem of increasing their fire safety is extremely important. It is experimentally illustrated that in a number of cases, when a short circuit happens in an electrical circuit containing 51AH/280Aand 60AH/330A batteries, a spherical fusion is not formed in a copper conductor with a cross-section of 0.75 mm^, but there is a burnout of separate conductor wires, their adhesion to the steel surface and destruction in the immediate vicinity of the contact point. The results of a study with JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope of copper multiwire conductors samples and steel band exposed to short circuits at a voltage of 12 and 24 V are given. There are shown photographs of the copper multiwire conductors' fused surfaces, as well as of the steel band exposed to short circuits. Characteristic diagnostic factors are found out that allow to identify the cause of the damage in the event of a fire (high-temperature exposure, short circuit, current overload) of a copper conductor in an electrical circuit with a voltage of 12 V using the method of scanning microscopy. It is found out that the detected factors are stable and are not prone to changes in the natural storage conditions of a vehicle, which was damaged as a result of thermal exposure.

Goal. The aim and objective of the study is to summarize the long-term experience of the State Fire Safety Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan in equipping the industrial enterprises of the oil and gas and chemical industries with various models of thermal-protection shields, their optimal location, methods of their application and delivery, training of firefighters and members of the Voluntary Fire Brigade (VFB) in the application of this innovative equipment, as well as the experience in application of special types of shields in the elimination of accidents at oil and gas gushers.

Review of experience in application of the shields. Outputs. The experience of using SOGDA thermal-protection shields at fire hazardous facilities in Uzbekistan, as evidenced by the example of the Bukhara Oil Refinery Plant, shows that they increase the operational readiness of the force and VFB members of the facility in the event of an emergency, protect their life and health during the elimination of accidents, which will obviously improve fire-fighting efficiency. Thermal-protection shields SOGDA are adopted by such large facilities in theRepublicofUzbekistanas the Bukhara Oil Refinery Plant (refinery), theFerganarefinery, etc.

Conclusions. In more than 15 years of using different types of thermal-protection shields by the companies in the oil and gas chemical industry, their most rational modifications have been developed separately for each of the fire and explosion hazardous sites of the facilities, depending on their risk degree. For example, tank batteries, truck and rail loading and unloading racks, barrel storage warehouses for oil products, gas stations, as well as fire-fighting stations at highly important facilities are recommended to be equipped with mobile thermal-protection shields, and for fixed fire-fighting monitors a stationary thermal-protection shield, which protects the operator of the monitor against high intensity thermal radiation, is recommended.

Further research showed that the scientific idea of “attenuation of heat flow” represents a breakthrough innovative technology not only in the field of fire safety, but also in wider areas ensuring safety of human activities. The implementation of research based on this scientific idea will open wide opportunities for creating hundreds of devices implementing this technology.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for widespread implementation of unique compact smoke deposition devices in the practice of providing evacuation from public buildings, in particular shopping centers. The following problems are solved in the article: the rationale for the design of the nebulizer, which has no limitations for use in public buildings with a mass stay of people; choice of the prototype of mass application; description and analysis of the experiments; development of recommendations for the use of the nebulizer; the rationale for the further development of its design.

Methodology. It is shown that toxic smoke is a major damaging factor (more than 90 % of people affected by fires in public buildings, including shopping mall). For the deposition of smoke and provide escape routes, sprinkler systems are designed, but they are ineffective for smoke deposition and ineffective in neutralizing toxicity. A whole complex of measures was developed for the urgent alteration of shopping centers, increasing the executive discipline of personnel and building owners, eliminating numerous violations of the construction of prefabricated buildings, replacing flammable finishing materials and fillers of soft toys, intensively emitting smoke, regular training for evacuation from shopping centers, advanced training in protection.

Results and discussion. It is substantiated that the fastest and most effective measure can be the equipping of shopping centers with new manual smoke sedimenting extinguishers — mini fire extinguishers. In the polygon tests, the effectiveness of new devices for creating evacuation routes by the method of precipitation and neutralization of thick toxic smoke was demonstrated. It is shown that the use of these devices does not require special training: they can be effectively used by guards and visitors to shopping centers and other public buildings for self-rescue, putting out burning clothes on a person and creating short passes in smoke. A high range of spraying and quenching by mini fire extinguishers has been identified. Their advantages are proved in comparison with stationary sprinkler systems, according to the instructions intended.

Conclusions. It is expedient and necessary to create and certify the production of new impulse sprayers with compactness, durability, efficiency, and to conduct an advertising campaign based on the results presented, to create a regulatory framework and legislative support for the introduction of such sprayers in the interests of the safety of visitors to the SEC, discotheques and other public buildings