Pre-historic (with respect to the progress of elevator unit fire protection) understandings of the early last century, of CEOs of the national fire safety standardisation system like “Effected by high temperatures, elevator control gets out of order and elevators are blocked inside elevator shafts. It is impossible to quickly identify the elevator position when the power is switched off; the people being inside elevators, die” for decades such concept doomed population of multistoried buildings in our country to foot evacuation at forcedly deactivated elevator units. Recognition by the State programme “Accessible environment” 35 % of country population as disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility compelled them to permit using elevators for transporting fire-fighting units to rescue such people. However, as before, two thirds of multistoried building population are still forced to escape from fire hazard through staircases. At the same time, elevator units, not designated for transporting fire-fighting brigades, will be idle waiting, with open doors, at the ground floor; although, the fire protection level of both types of elevators is the same. The data provided in the article demonstrate that elevator units in the high-rise building must be not only the means which within everyday operation of high-rise buildings, provide for to all the demographic categories of the population accessibility of business and residential environment which is located hundreds of metres high from the ground level. They must guarantee as well availability of safety zones for them on the ground at occurrence of emergency situations as provided by the Technical Regulations on Safety of Buildings and Structures. In the meantime, this paradox turns into codes of regulations for designing and fire-safety protection of high-rise buildings, which development is funded by the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation. To-date regulations of high-rise building fire safety must implement the requirement that automatic fire-extinguishing systems must extinguish fire inside premises prior to occurrence of critical values of fire hazards. In such a case, criteria of safe evacuation will be complied with throughout the evacuation ways, including elevators; thus, there will be excluded a necessity of getting out to burning building facade in search of escaping from impact of fire hazards using individual rescue means or mobile fire-rescue equipment, which is traditional for ideology of fire-fighting organisation. Currently, national manufacturers of fire-fighting protection and fire-extinguishing systems demonstrate a capability to ensure effective functioning of this system complex with a probability of 0.999. The fire-extinguishing systems being developed are intended to reveal these opportunities in designing practice - only then they will be in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.2018 No. 2 “On approval of Fundamentals of the State Policies of the Russian Federation in the area of fire safety for the period of up to 2010”.

Under this science article took place an analysis of the usage of powder fire extinguishers in the calculation of fire risk and the conduct of a quantitative analysis of the risk of accidents at hazardous production facilities in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries. Based on above mentioned analysis method of calculation fire risk is offered. That method taking into account the usage of powder fire extinguishers at production facilities of the oil and gas complexes, where flammable and combustible liquids, with a flash point higher than the ambient temperature. The method is based on the determination of the useful effect of the usage of powder fire extinguishers in the potential area of the oil spill, where it is suitable to use the specified type of fire extinguishers. The article provide an example of determining the potential risk at a pumping station for deliver diesel fuel, taking into account the application and without it. The object of the research is the effectiveness of the usage of powder fire extinguishers in extinguishing fires in oil product spills at oil and gas production facilities. The subject of the research is improvement of the fire risk calculation methodology taking into account the effectiveness of the usage of powder fire extinguishers at the production facilities of the oil and gas complex. Methods. The general scientific methods of research (system analysis, probability theory, heat exchange, formalization, statistics and analogy) are applied when the work is performing. Results: 1. Through the article the effectiveness of the usage of powder fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire of the spill of oil products at the initial stage of its development is determined. 2. A methodology for assessing fire risk at production facilities of the oil and gas complex has been developed, taking into account the use of powder fire extinguishers. Scope of application of the results : the results obtained make it possible to increase the reliability of the safety assessment of oil and gas facilities by taking into account the effectiveness of powder fire extinguishers in case changes are made in legal acts and methods for calculating fire risk. Conclusions . The application of the proposed methodology for calculating fire risk, considering the usage of powder extinguishers at oil and gas facilities, increases the objectivity of fire hazard analysis of protection facilities, which is justified by calculating the contribution from the use of fire extinguishers in calculating fire risk.

Despite the existing arsenal of various methods of quantitative risk analysis both in Russian and international practice, problems arise related to the assessment of the reliability of the results obtained during their practical application, including at oil and gas facilities. The question remains to what extent the decision-maker can trust the results. The article considers the problem of assessing the reliability of quantitative risk analysis at oil and gas facilities. Existing methods for estimating reliability are investigated. It is proposed to use an approach based on ensuring the quality of the process of risk analysis itself. To increase the objectivity in assessing the reliability of the results of a risk analysis, a formal quantitative method was proposed. The article introduces 5 criteria that ensure the quality of the process of risk analysis at oil and gas facilities. A system of rules for coding the values of each of the basic criteria into three discrete qualitative levels was developed. The solution of the task was accomplished by constructing a classifier in which the reliability index of a quantitative risk analysis of oil and gas industry objects is a function of the values of the basic criteria. The reliability of the risk analysis was evaluated on the basis of a naive Bayesian classifier that takes into account the values of the five basic criteria in the evaluation framework. The results of the classifier work are based on a variety of training data that were previously evaluated by experts. The article suggests an approach to the assessment of the quality of the classifier itself, based on a cross-checking with successive exclusion of one copy of the training data. The merits of using the naive Bayesian classifier for assessing the reliability of quantitative risk analysis in oil and gas industry objects include the fact that the classification is carried out quite easily and quickly, surpasses many other algorithms, and requires a smaller amount of training data. A naive Bayesian classifier works very well with categorical features, which is exactly what is reflected in this article.

The most common emergency that causes damage to structures high-rise buildings, is a fire. On the fire in high-rise, the 62-storey building in Los Angeles in 1988, even if not triggered the sprinkler fire-fighting system, thanks to the successful fire protection of load-bearing elements of the steel structure of the skyscraper withstood a three-hour exposure to flame. In a fire at a 106-metre 32-storey office building “Windsor Tower” in Madrid in 2005, an external unprotected steel frame collapsed on 6 upper floors. The results of the investigation of the consequences of a terrorist attack at the World Trade Center in the US showed high reliability designed steel structures, which could withstand impacts of planes at high speed, but shows a low level is applied to the active and passive protection of structures and buildings from fire. On the basis of a comprehensive study is not given negative evaluations of a particular material of load-bearing structures or fire protection or a carrier system and a constructive solution. Traditionally it is considered, that concrete construction is better than steel, retain their stability in a fire. This approach does not take into account a number of features. Fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures occurs when the heating of the concrete in the calculated cross section above its critical temperature and when heating of the working bars in the structure to the critical temperature. Thus, for steel structures, and reinforced concrete structures, fire resistance is determined by the time of reaching the critical temperature of steel elements. The only difference is that the concrete already laid, “fire-resistant” layer of concrete, and for steel structures it is necessary to provide separately. With the use of special fire resistant materials to steel structures, it is possible to achieve fire resistance up to 240 minutes, reduced structural weight compared to similar fire-resistant layer of concrete, the lack of explosive destruction. Thus, the choice of material of supporting structures should be based on modern concepts about fire protection with efficiency in mind. Currently, work is underway on implementation of structures made of steel-concrete which combines the features of two materials.

The results of the analysis of the existing safety measures for the production of works at altitude on overhead lines and power lines, which indicate the problems of organizing reliable insurance against falling from a height, are given. It is shown that there is not always a technical possibility to realize the fastening of flexible anchor points for securing safety systems to VL towers, which are designed to ensure the safety of work at height. Also, problems are shown in the organization of insurance when performing work on high-voltage power lines. Specific cases have been identified where it is technically impossible to put an anchor loop on a support or there are practical difficulties in the process of dressing-releasing a flexible anchor loop, or when putting an anchor loop on a support, it slips into parts that are not designed for the maximum load, which should be 22 kN. It is concluded that the use of flexible anchor points on the supports of overhead lines is not always possible or safe, and on the poles of the transmission line in general often violates the existing labor protection rules when working at height. A number of universal technical solutions to ensure the safety of work on overhead lines and transmission lines with the help of the organization of fixed anchor points and lines on the support, equipment which it is advisable to carry out at the stage of construction or reconstruction. It is also proposed to visualize the corresponding symbols of the anchor device on the overhead lines and power lines, which will facilitate the work on planning works on the supports and will improve the safety of work at height. The expediency of introduction at the legislative level of additions to the sectoral and intersectoral labor protection requirements for the installation of a fixed anchor point for fixing safety systems in the design, construction and reconstruction of overhead lines is shown.

Practice of suppression of the fires in oil and gas branch by firefighters of divisions shows that at suppression of tanks in any way not to do without the mobile fire fighting equipment. Suppression of the tank by means of raising of foam, despite the modern fire extinguishing systems, remains to the most efficient. The mobile fire fighting equipment is equipped with a lifter - the arrow capable to deliver solution of a foamer to larger height. The most known of fire raising of foam equipped with installation of the combined fire extinguishing is the fire Purga-20.40.60 installation which allows to create foam of low and average frequency rate. Purga-20.40.60 is intended for receiving air and mechanical foam with the increased giving range. Installation is used for suppression of the fires of flammable and combustible liquids. Advantage of this installation is the high consumption of foam, and shortcomings - low maneuverability and loss of time at suppression because of change of trunks with supply of foam of low frequency rate. In this regard there was a need for modernization of the existing installation of the combined suppression of the fires of Purga by change of its structure and principal specifications. The universal fire trunk Purga-73D on the basis of already existing installation for fire extinguishing Purga-20.40.60 is offered to introduction. The developed fire trunk has the system of division of streams of foamy solution. The system is capable to be divided into the combined mode with supply of foam of average frequency rate and foam of low frequency rate at the same time. The main improvement of the universal fire trunk is that in this development there is a possibility of distant switching of duties of a trunk on the operating console established in a compartment of control of the fire pump. On principal specifications the universal fire trunk in comparison with a routine trunk Purga-60 has advantages: it is high efficiency and advantage of use of foam of low frequency rate, at the same time a difference in a consumption of foaming agent and water small and consequently, his use at fire extinguishing is more efficient and economic.

The normative fire safety requirements for owners of protection objects are considered, with a change in the type of industrial activity, the category of premises for fire and explosion risk, as well as the class of functional fire danger. It is presented the order of procedures of the owner to ensure the non-residential premises of fire safety during its redevelopment and change of purpose. The terms for preparing and submitting the necessary documentation to the state fire supervision authority for checking and approving the proposed volume-planning or technical solutions were noted.