Introduction. Solving problems related to providing high-quality services to the population of cities (water supply, energy supply, hot water supply, heating, waste disposal) is an integral part of the work of government bodies (regional entities, regions, subjects, municipalities, and their districts). These include enterprises that provide life support to the population, in the technological process of which, as a rule, sections (sites) of hazardous production facilities are involved. At such enterprises, it is proposed to create a comprehensive security system that combines all industry (departmental) security subsystems and is an integral part of their management system. The sustain­able functioning of the enterprises in question largely depends on the availability of resources (financial and material resources, time, personnel, etc.) of the integrated security system created at the enterprise, which has volume restrictions. Until now, in practice, the allocation of resources to maintain comprehensive security is based on the intuitive considerations of the company’s security managers. When this approach is implemented, the integrated security system created at the enterprise becomes vulnerable.

Method of research. Approaches using existing methods in the complex security of enterprises are analyzed, and the features of their application are considered. A joint application of the hierarchy analysis method and the “tree of events” method is proposed, which makes it possible to determine the initial initiating events, establish the fact of hazard occurrence, and make an attempt to predict the possible effects of hazards on the objects of protection of life-support enterprises of the population.

Problem statement. Complex security of enterprises providing life support to the population is characterized by conditions considered at a certain time, deviation from the parameters of which can lead to a failure in the activi­ties of a separate industry security subsystem, and in the activities of the complex technosphere security system of the enterprise as a whole. Based on information about the risk assessment in the industry security subsystems, their comparison with each other in terms of the level of impact, it is necessary to determine the list of measures taking into account their physical feasibility in the conditions of restrictions in providing the system with resources (financial and material resources, personnel).

Problem solution. The proposed approach to allow consistent, gradual assessment of the state of the complex system of technosphere safety of the company, which is based on the joint application of methods of analysis of hierarchies and the construction of “tree event” which is characterized by ease of use, clarity, dynamism, versatility and commonality.

Conclusion. The advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to observe changes in the properties of the state of industry security subsystems, which will allow you to create an expert or intelligent enterprise security management system. The use of this approach will allow us to conduct further research in improving the methodology for synthesizing the adaptive system of integrated enterprise security, which is of great economic importance forRussia.

Introduction. The data presented in the article clearly demonstrate the urgent need to ensure fire safety of ve­hicles. The aim of the article is to justify the use of measuring microhardness method in fire-technical expertise of a copper conductor subjected to current overload and external high-temperature impact to determine the cause of its damage.
Materials and methods. The studies were carried out with a JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope with an add-on device for energy dispersive microanalysis as well as a DuraScan 20 microhardness tester.

Results and discussion. It has been experimentally proved that the microhardness of a copper conductor subjected to current overload differs significantly from the microhardness of a copper conductor subjected to an external high-temperature impact. Pictures of microhardness measurement sites of a copper conductor subjected to overcurrent are given in the article. The study presents the results of energy dispersive analysis and characteristic diagnostic features which make it possible to identify the cause of damage to the copper conductor in fire (high temperature annealing or current overload). It has been found that the identified signs are stable and not subject to changes in the natural conditions of car storage.

Conclusion. A method for differentiating damage to a copper conductor in case of fire (current overload, external high-temperature effect) has been proposed in the article. It is also shown that the method of measuring microhardness can be used in examination of copper conductor fragments as an auxiliary method to the main examination method — scanning microscopy. The data presented in the article can be used by experts in expert studies of copper conductors taken from fire sites to determine the mechanism of their damage and, ultimately, the cause of a vehicle fire.

Introduction. The relevance of understanding the mechanisms of formation of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete structures in fire conditions is noted. The need to take into account the design situation in which an emergency high-temperature effect is applied along the upper face of a reinforced concrete slab is highlighted. The connection between the performance of a reinforced concrete section heated along the upper face and the change in the payload during the development of a fire due to its burnout is indicated. The aim of the work is to obtain a calculation methodology that allows us to assess the dependence of structural failure on a changing payload and determine the reserves of the bearing capacity of the structural section.

Theoretical theses of research. There is given the analytical conclusion about the dependence of the forced loading value on the fire timing, its temperature and the lowest working combustion heat value within building. The conclusion about the analytical dependence is carried out using the equivalent of wood-pulp combustion to the forced loading.

Results and discussion. On the basis of the presented dependences there numerous calculations for an administrative building were carried out. Graphs showing the dependence of forced loading decrease on fire timing and its temperature are given. The calculation showed that in administrative buildings in 60 minutes after the fire starts the forced loading decrease on the bearing structures reaches not less than 420 H/m². Taking into account the above dependences, it was determined that the emergency bearing capacity of reinforced stabs is reached in 79 minutes considering the forced loading decrease changing in time compared with the constant load.

Conclusion. There was drawn a conclusion that while modeling a high temperature loading on the upper boarder of reinforced slab floors and coverings, it’s advisable to consider the decrease of forced loading because of its de­struction by fire. It will allow to include additional reserves of load bearing capacity of reinforced stabs in case of fire.

Introduction. A significant problem in construction area in theRussian Federation is the impossibility of high-rise wooden building. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study the state of the issue abroad and in theRussian Federation, and analyze the development prospects of this area.

Main (analytical) part. The article provides examples of modern facilities (inBerlin,London,Melbourne and other cities), reflecting the state of high-rise wooden construction abroad. In the buildings considered, together with the predominant wooden structural and wood-containing finishing materials, reinforced concrete structural elements necessary for the implementation of complex technical systems are used, which can significantly reduce the time of their construction. In addition, the chosen approach allows to enhance environmental friendliness of buildings and structures, — due to the use of wood-containing materials, huge volumes of carbon dioxide are preserved and its emissions into the atmosphere during construction work are significantly reduced. The paper reflects the main provisions of technical regulation in the field of fire safety of building materials and structures in theRussian Federation. It is shown that the main reasons for the impossibility of using wooden structures in high-rise buildings are related to the peculiarities of technical regulation in theRussian Federation, in particular, the lack of the necessary methods for testing and certification of wooden building structures in high-rise construction. The necessity to optimize existing methods for testing wooden building structures is shown. Examples of various documents regulating the production and use of wooden and composite building structures are given. The work reflects in detail the international experience in the implementation of the main provisions of regulatory documents, as well as European tests for fire resistance, which shows the possibility of implementing such an experience in theRussian Federation.

Conclusions. To develop a regulatory framework for the possibility of using wood structures in high-rise construction, it is necessary to conduct large-scale experiments on wooden structures in order to study their fire resistance. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the features of combustible building materials.

Introduction. The decision-makers (DM) are bear responsibility for fire safety (FS) at the fuel and energy complex (FEC) facilities. There is the fact of the impact of production intensification and data volume growth on the intensity of the load on the human resources. Which in turn increases the probability of errors of the DM. Automation and the use of information technologies allow us to optimize production processes. However, the level of responsibility of the DM is not reduced. In addition, it is noted that the reserve of time for decision making at the FEC facilities is being reduced. The objective of scientific research is to substantiate the relevance and necessity of using strategic planning methods in improving the planning of fire and explosion safety (FES) activities at the FEC facilities in special conditions.

Theoretical bases. Such concepts as strategy, aggregate goal, planning horizon, target function, and non-formalized information are analyzed. The necessity of creating a tree of plans for the DM in order to conduct and control actions over the management object is justified. There is described the relationship between an aggregate goal and a strategy consisting of a sequence of actions by the DM to achieve certain values of aggregate quality indicator.

Research results. This part of article justifies the necessity of applying strategic planning methods in order to preserve the performance indicators for DM at FEC facilities in the direction ofFES in changing special conditions. The characteristics of these conditions and the reasons for their occurrence are presented. In the absence of necessary planning and management methods in such conditions, the acceptable response time to a change in the environment will be exceeded. In order to overcome the tendency to reduce the efficiency of DM at FEC facilities in special conditions, it is proposed to use the software-hardware complex of the information and analytical system for strategic planning ofFES activities.

Conclusion. Finally, it was noted the relationship between the number of errors of DM in the decision making process for subsystems of theFES and the increase in the volume of information from the means of accumulation and transmission data. It is really important to adapt theFES subsystems to the new special conditions with the use suggested information and analytical system for strategic planning.

Introduction. When extinguishing burning solids, the use of water due to its high consumption and low insulating capacity of water films is ineffective. As a result of using viscous hydrogels as a fire extinguishing liquid, its consumption is reduced and a hydrogel film is formed on the burning surface, which has a greater thickness and better insulating ability compared to water.

Aims and purposes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of using water and viscous hydrogels as a fire extinguishing liquid in the extinguishing of solid substances. The following tasks were solved: assessment of the impact of the concentration of gelling additives on the viscosity and evaporation of hydrogels; determination of the effect of viscosity of the fire extinguishing liquid film thickness and flow rate of liquid flowing from a vertical wall; a quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of fire suppression water, and various hydrogels according to their flow rate and film thickness.

Methods. The influence of the concentration of gel-forming additives on the viscosity and evaporation of hydrogels was analyzed. An expression is obtained for the viscosity of the “Firesorb” hydrogel depending on the concentration of the polymer additive. The dependences of the evaporated mass of the hydrogel “Firesorb” from time to time at different concentrations of polymer additives. Evaluate the effectiveness of the use of hydrogels in their consumption and the thickness of the hydrogel films. The dependence of the film thickness of the extinguishing liquid flowing from the vertical wall on its viscosity and density is obtained. The coefficient of efficiency of hydrogel use is proposed, which characterizes the efficiency of hydrogel by its consumption and the insulating ability of the hydrogel film by its thickness. The efficiency of using hydrogels of different viscosities in comparison with water is calculated.

Results and discussion. By changing the concentration of the gel-forming additive, you can vary the viscosity and evaporation of the hydrogel. The higher the viscosity of the hydrogel flowing from the vertical wall, the thicker the hydrogel film and less its consumption. Compared with water, the efficiency of using hydrogels is 2…4 times higher.

Conclusions. The results obtained during the study indicate that the use of viscous hydrogels is effective in extinguishing burning solids.

Variants of the implementation of preventive lightning protection based on the use of location-based lightning detection systems with locally installed detectors are considered. Analysis of normative literature and scientific publications in this area conducted. The technical characteristics of modern lightning discharge detectors are given. Summarized information about the development of lightning detection systems on theterritoryofRussiais presented. The ways of organizing such systems at fire and explosion hazardous facilities and their main differences are shown.