Introduction. Technical regulation is the main tool for ensuring safety at all stages of the life cycle of an object (build­ing, structure). Currently, the provisions of regulatory documents governing fire risk calculations need to be updated and clarified.
Independent risk assessment and baseline data for calculating risk. The planning of inspections by the super­visory authorities of the Emercom of Russia is carried out depending on the frequency category assigned to the object of protection with the frequency appropriate for this category. The calculation of the fire risk assessment is subject to verification by an official of the state fire supervision authority exclusively within the framework of a scheduled (unscheduled) inspection in accordance with paragraph 63 of the Administrative Regulation, namely, verification of the source data used in calculating the risk. Departmental norms and recommendations provide a standard basis (report structure) based on risk assessment, which takes into account various requirements for modern design and reflects the requirements of the law on discrimination on the basis of disability in relation to the principles of inclusive design. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the above departmental norms and recommendations, despite their practical significance, do not reflect the issue of source data for practical ­purposes and cannot serve the tasks posed by modernity.
Conclusion. The peculiarity of the calculations consists primarily in the need to submit those to a specific capital construction object, using the source data, which will allow the calculation to be carried out correctly and allow the Ministry of Emergency Situations inspector to verify the calculation. The issue of specifying the initial data in fire risk calculations, which are used more than once at various protection facilities, seems appropriate to be ­re­flected in the relevant regulatory documents, which will greatly contribute to improving the actual safety of people and the correct calculation.

Introduction. Modern mathematical models of the distribution of toxic gases use the values of specific coefficients of formation of only three gases. It is not considered the whole spectrum of toxic gases produced during the combustion of synthetic materials. Therefore, the experimental study of the process of hydrogen cyanide formation is an important task.
Aims and purposes. The purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for obtaining initial data on the release of hydrogen cyanide. These data are necessary to calculate the time of blocking evacuation ways. To achieve it, the value of the critical concentration of hydrogen cyanide was justified. The experimental unit was modernized and experimental studies of partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as specific coefficients of their release, were carried out during combustion of modern cable products.
Methods. An experimental method is used to study the process of formation of hydrogen cyanide and carbon mono­xide during the combustion of samples of cable products in a modernized small-size experimental unit. The results were analyzed.
Results. The critical value of the partial density of hydrogen cyanide, presented in normative documents, on the basis of analysis of data given in the literature sources, is substantiated. Experimental dependences between the time of testing and partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as their specific coefficients of release, were obtained. This study reveals that the experimental value of the partial density of hydrogen cyanide reaches a critical value. That fact justifies the need to calculate the time of blocking the escape routes with con­sidering influence of hydrogen cyanide.
Conclusion. The modernization of the experimental unit makes it possible to obtain experimental dependencies on the time of partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as specific coefficients of their separation. This makes it possible to update (by HCN and CO) the existing database of typical fire load and to calculate the time of blocking the escape routes in case of combined effects of the above mentioned gases. When calculating fire risks in case of the burning of modern cable products, it is necessary to determine the time of blocking evacuation routes by hydrogen cyanide.

Introduction. Burning suppression and prevention in cable shafts, electrical installations, fires of Classes A and B, requires fire resistance materials, which have the ability to fill space with any form. For obtain material, appropriate these requirements, the composition of the sprayed polyurethane foam was developed and its operational, physic and chemical, fire retardant and fire extinguishing properties were studied.
Purpose and tasks. Development the recipe of a slow-burning sprayed hard polyurethane foam, study the mechanism and synergy the fire retardant action of N–P–Cl-containing flame retardants.
Materials and methods. The objects of study were components A and B for production the polyurethane foam brand of Izolan-125, N–P–Cl-containing flame retardants and polyurethane compositions based on them. The study of fire retardant, fire extinguishing, physical and chemical properties of polyurethane foam compositions and products of their thermolysis was carried out using regulate Standard testing methods, scanning electron microscopy, thermal and chemical analyzes.
Results and discussion. A flame resistant hard sprayed polyurethane foam, possessing fire protecting and fire ­extinguishing properties was been developed. The operational, physicochemical, fire protecting, and fire extin­guishing properties of the nonflammable porous material were investigated. A comparative quantitative chemical analysis the residual content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the heat-treated products of the initial and flame ­protected polyurethane foam, heated in the temperature range 200–500 °С, realizing during combustion in the pre-flame zone of the condensed phase, was carried out. The minimal concentrations of nitrogen-, halogen- and phosphorus-containing combustion retardants, required to achieve flame protective properties in the testing material were determined.
Conclusion. The recipe of composition the nonflammable sprayed hard polyurethane foam was developed. The mechanism and synergism of action the N–P–Cl-containing combustion retardants was established, which consists in the inhibition of radical processes by volatile nitrogen- and halogencontaining products in the gas ­phase, while phosphorus-containing products mainly participate in the formation of durable thermally insulating organic-mineral structures in the condensed phase. The prospects of using the slow-burning polyurethane foam for the prevention and suppression fires of classes A and B, also electrical installations under voltage was shown.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to physically substantiate the principles of modification of thin-layer intu­mescent coatings by controlling their electrophysical characteristics and to develop a technique to improve the fire retardant efficiency of modern fire retardants with varying parameters of the volume fraction of functionalized multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNT).
Materials. The materials used in fire retardant intumescent paint “Thermal barrier”, the production of NPK “OgneHimZashchita” modified by MWCNT.
Experimental part. The experimental part included a study by the method of synchronous thermal analysis, the measurement of the dielectric constant, determination of adhesion and the study of electrification when ap­plied, a fire retardant metal.
Results and discussion. Modification of fire retardants due to the introduction of MWCNT in concentrations of 0.1…1.25 % by vol. allows to improve the performance of nanomaterials by increasing the thermal stability of ­fire retardants at a concentration of nanoparticles up to 0.5 % by vol. In this case, the mass loss of the modified MWCNT sample occurs on average 20–30 % slower in comparison with the unmodified sample. There is an in­crease in the strength of intumescent fire retardant composition (IFRC) to 40 %. When electrophysical action ­occurs ordering MWCNT in the material, and also reduces the electric field generated by applying the modified composition on average by 40–50 %.
Conclusion. Modification of MWCNT fire retardants leads to an increase in adhesive strength and increase in thermal resistance of IFRC, provided the stability of nanostructures in the material. The proposed technology of ­application of modified intumescent fire retardants at pipeline transport facilities ­should include elements of preparation of the modifying additive and its stabilization to improve the quality characteristics of the fire retardants with MWCNT.

Introduction. Modern information support for firefighters performing work in unsuitable for breathing environment and technical equipment monitoring means controls the safety parameters of gas and smoke protection makes it possible to develop an automated information and control system, the mathematical basis of which is the sto­chastic approach. The modular structure of the probabilistic management model with the description of each module is developed. The specificity and diversity of work performed in unsuitable for breathing environment requires the formation of a database in which the management information resources will be synthesized within an object- oriented approach. The method of formation of information resources is presented, as well as the structure of the database interface is presented.
Formal task description and solution method. Formally, the task of supporting safety management during work in unsuitable for breathing environment is reduced to the formation of a database of information resources of the safety parameters of gas and smoke protection, presented in both deterministic and probabilistic formulation. To solve this problem, a modular structure of the safety management model is formed, where each module performs certain functions at different stages of work. The synthesis of information resources is based on the moni­toring of gas and smoke protection safety indicators, the data from which are received in the analytical unit, which compares the processed resources with the planned indicators.
Conclusions. The developed information resources to support the safety management of work in unsuitable for breathing environment is based on the theoretical foundations of risk management for the implementation of a destructive event consisting in the lack of respiratory resources in the cylinder of breathing apparatus. The information resources of safety management support make it possible to use as source data both stored results of monitoring of safety indicators and those obtained in real time when working in unsuitable for breathing environment from telemetry systems. The advantage of information resources is the possibility of obtaining, storing and digital processing of data belonging to a certain type of work, which will further allow synthesizing a large amount of data into a single information management system for the safe operation of gas and smoke protection.

Introduction. Reinforced concrete structures made of heavy concrete of high humidity (more than 3.5 %) are ­prone to explosive destruction. This phenomenon can lead to premature onset of the fire resistance of such structures and the partial or complete collapse of buildings and structures. The increased humidity of reinforced ­concrete structures is usually found in underground structures and newly constructed buildings. The fire resistance of reinforced concrete tubes of underground structures largely depends on the explosive (brittle) destruction of concrete when exposed to high temperatures of fire on the surface of the tunnel lining.
Materials and methods. As the object of the study were selected reinforced concrete tubes of heavy concrete with a moisture content of 6 % with the addition of polypropylene fiber in the amount of 1 kg/m³. Large-scale fire tests were carried out on a specially manufactured test bench when loading samples with vertical and horizontal loads.
Results and discussion. The main results on the study of fire resistance of reinforced concrete tubes with the addition of polypropylene fiber and without additives are presented. According to the results of experimental studies, it was established that the fire resistance limit of reinforced concrete tubing with the addition of polypropylene ­fiber according to GOST 30247.0–94 was at least 125 minutes (REI 120). The analytical model of fire resistance assessment is developed. To solve the thermal engineering problem, a numerical experiment was performed in the ANSYS software package. An analytical dependence is proposed for determining an additional temperature deflection for a geometrically nonlinear element. The calculation of the fire resistance limit of reinforced concrete tubing with the addition of polypropylene fiber according to the developed analytical model, considering the pre­viously obtained strength and thermal characteristics, confirmed the results of fire tests, and amounted to REI 120.
Conclusion. The use of reinforced concrete tubing made of fiber-reinforced concrete with polypropylene fiber for building envelopes will significantly reduce the cost of a fire protection device and shorten the construction time.

The third part describes the features of RFM positioning in scanning mode; definitions of the main parameters of extinguishing by scanning streams in angular coordinates and linear dimensions are formulated; design calculations are proposed to determine the RFM scanning area relative to fire area.
To develop line streams’ extinguishing procedure, the scanning rasters by area and graphs of RFM angular movements in horizontal and vertical planes during scanning were considered, which together with the movement rates are the basis for extinguishing program. Options for protected area coverage with high-angled or frontal scanning streams were considered. Coverage diagrams of flat surfaces by scanning streams at different angles of attack were presented. The initial requirements to RFM hydraulic and fire tests were presented.

The requirements of regulatory documents for the labeling of conductors, cable lines and electrical panels are ­considered. Analysis and synthesis of documents obligating the implementation of color and digital designations of conductors, protection devices and electrical panels is made. The features of the application of various colors of insulation of conductors for the purpose of providing fire and electrical safety are indicated. The examples of labels for marking of cable lines are presented. The methods and places for drawing information inscriptions in the input switching devices and switchboards are noted.