The procedure of estimation of impact of long-term operation of various constructions on the main properties of intumescent flame retardant coatings is offered. It is based on an experimental evaluation of change of intumescence expansion rate of coatings and their thermal decomposition rate depending on the operating time and consideration of these indicators in mathematical modeling and design of fire protection. Tests of this procedure is carried out on the example of SGK-2 compound applied on the samples which passed the accelerated climatic tests for the operating period of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years. Definition of intumescence and thermal decomposition indices, the main physical and mechanical properties of the coating was carried out. To assess the dynamics of changes of intumescence value it was used the test procedure with samples placed inside gauge tubes made of the heat-resistant glass which were heated in muffle furnace. In addition samples were tested on the installation (stand) of radiant heating. On the basis of conducted researches it was determined the decrease tendency of intumescence expansion rate and, respectively, flame retardant efficiency of coating during long-term operation of protected metal constructions. The methodology of accounting of such influence based on the obtained experimental data during mathematical modeling and design of fire protection due to previously developed and tested calculation methods. On the basis of carried out experiments and calculations it was determined that decrease of flame retardant efficiency of SGK-2 coating, characterized by time while the protected steel construction is heated to the critical temperature (500 °C), amount to 21-25 % over the lifetime of 25 years. The obtained results showed expediency and possibility of creation of a common approach to assessment of influence of long-term operation of constructions on flame retardant efficiency of intumescent coatings and considering of this factor in practice of researches and design of fire protection.

The goal of the presented work is to prepare an analytical review on new composites based on fire-retardant polystyrene mixtures. Tendencies in utility patent applications and patents devoted to the sphere of preparation and usage of composites published in Russian patent office after 2000 are analyzed. General properties of foam polystyrene and common fire-retardants (phosphorus and halogenated compounds, metal hydroxides) are considered in context of flammability reducing. Mechanisms of fire-retardant action and factors of their selection for polymeric compositions are discussed. Analysis of patents is based on chemical composition of fire-retardants. Different classes of individual inorganic and organic substances and synergetic mixtures are considered. Trends in patent applications increasing for new heat insulating and flame retardant materials for polymeric coatings preparation are revealed. New materials are based on compositions of polystyrene and fire-retardants. Components of new synergetic mixtures are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated and organometallic compounds, inorganic acids and salts, etc.

Sing a small-scale fire tests three separating construction assemblies modeling fragments of walls and partitions in timber buildings of light frame type have been studied. As a thermal insulation layer have used a commercial polymer foam composite "Penocom" with different density between 43.7-140 kg/m³. It was established that the actual limit of fire resistance of separating constructions for the integrity and insulating capacity (EI) was 95-110.3 min. It was found that there is a tendency: increasing the fire resistance of four-layers structures corresponds decreasing the density foam composites "Penocom" from 83 to 43.7 kg/m³. The average values of the heat flow in the small-scale fire oven at the standard mode of fire at different periods of fire actions have been measured as well. These values correspond the relationship found at standard large-scale apparatus. Thermal conductivity of polymer foam composite was calculated.

Researchers from MGSU (Moscow) revealed the effect of an adjacent room to the pressure of the gas explosion in a room that has a window. They found that the explosion pressure in this case is significantly (2.5-fold) higher than the pressure of the explosion in a room without an adjacent room. This result confirms the studies Molkov V. V., they spent a little earlier. Review of foreign publications shows that the priority of the study of this effect remains for Russian scientists. We confirmed this effect also experimentally, but studies have been conducted in more detail. In the experiment we used a model installation dimensions 0.5x0.5x1.0 m on the long side is divided into two chambers, one of the chambers had the stroke window of 0.15x0.15 m, and the partition between the chambers was a passage of the same size. The first chamber is filled with propane. Control and measurement has been computerized, he worked on the original program. Data processing was carried out in an environment Microsoft Excel. Experimentally it was found that the greatest effect is seen when ignited gas-air mixture in the area located between the center of the room and closer to the window (maximum excess-more than three times). Directly by the window effect is weaker (1.8 times) and virtually non-existent when ignited in a region close to the passage connecting room and the adjoining room.

An inspection of the assumption of incomplete participation in heat exchange of the protecting corridor designs at the fire with a research objective of influence of an arrangement of smoke valves in relation to doorways of placements of the seat of fire on temperature of the combustion gases deleted from a corridor, and definition of the worst scenario of the fire from the point of view of work of systems of exhaust smoke ventilation is carried out. The values of temperature received by the existing settlement techniques for the full length of a corridor, are significantly underestimated in relation to results of the numerical experiments received in article that can cause a choice of the fan of system of smoke control system with an insufficient productivity. Results of calculations allowed to reveal the worst scenario of the fire from the point of view of work of systems of exhaust smoke ventilation from corridors; that is the option, when temperature of the products of burning deleted from a corridor maximum, i. e. when the smoke (fire-prevention) valve is at the minimum distance from a room door with the seat of fire. It is noted that for carrying out practical calculations it is necessary to consider the minimum distance from a doorway of the room of the seat of fire (the room where fire emergence) to the smoke valve (fire-prevention) of system of exhaust smoke ventilation.

Oil filled transformer fire protection with automatic systems applied is connected with the problems of reducing both a desired fire extinguishing agent amount and power capacity for system device actuation. A possibility of lowering water mist spray intensity over transformer surfaces has been considered. A technique research of transformer structural component fire suppression and cooling at a prototype system similar to a real one by heat fluxes was allowed to specify the time of effective fire fighting and cooling of heated transformer components up to the temperature lower than that of oil self-ignition for a water mist flow. The paper shows that transformer oil fire suppression is closely connected with cooling of heated due to heat fluxes transformer parts and components, the necessity of cooling metal parts is making the desired fire extinguishing agent delivery time greater by several fold as compared with that of oil fire suppression on a horizontal oil header surface.

The method of agitating, used for suppression of diesel fuel, was actively developed in the 60-ies of the XX century and generalized in works of Blinov - Khudyakov. There was described suppression of oil fires by supplying of air stream into the bottom of tank. The air is not a fire extinguishing substance, but in this specific case it helps to achieve the burn termination effect. Suppression is provided not with air but due to agitating of cold layers of an oil product with the burning surface layer, actually it is a question of the method of suppression by means of air which creates conditions for agitation. On the basis of experimental researches it was determined the quantitative correlation of suppression time and air specific consumption from supply intensity of the air stream coming into the bottom of tank contained the burning liquid with high flash point. The model of process of combustible liquid flame suppression using the method of agitating of "cold" layers by air stream supplying into the bottom of tank with burning diesel fuel is considered. The suppression process analysis based on consideration of the material balance of liquid coming into the surface layer and going down into the depth due to convective streams which are formed by rising air flow and due to the difference in densities of "cold" and burning liquid is carried out. The results of experimental measurements of dependence of suppression time on intensity of air supply during diesel fuel flame suppression obtained in terms of proving ground and test bench are presented. Comparison of the fire test results obtained during suppression of diesel fuel flame in model test bench and, earlier received, in terms of proving ground is carried out. It is shown that the process of suppression is connected with formation of a thin liquid layer, from 1.5 to 3 mm, which appear on the surface of aburning hydrocarbon and have a temperature lower or equal to temperature of flash point, which are coming up to the surface with rising burning layer. Comparison of calculation results and experimental data on suppression of a diesel fuel flame in terms of proving ground and on the test bench is carried out. On the basis of conducted researches there were determined the optimal values of intensity and the minimal values of air specific consumption supplying into the bottom of tank for suppression of a diesel fuel flame.

The issues addressed included questions and prospects for use of the hydrocarbonic and fluorinated film-forming foamers for fire suppression of emergency passages and the fires of oil products in tanks at supply of foam from long distance. The results of the experiment show that hydrocarbonic foams with increase in falling height cause strong decrease in efficiency of fire suppression. The blow of foam about a surface conducts to partial immersions in oil product that leads to foam pollution by fuel. It is shown that using hydrocarbonic foamers with growth of total head from 5 to 15 cm a particular expense size and optimum intensity 2 times increase. While the fluorinated foams show increase inefficiency of fire suppression by increase in total head which is explained by superficial activity - aqueous solutions of film-forming foamers have positive value of spreading coefficient. The higher the drainage is, the stronger the foam and hydrocarbon surface hit that leads to the accelerated release of solution from foamy films more strongly and promotes fast foam spreading. Experiments confirm expert's opinion about low efficiency of the foams, received their hydrocarbonic foamers when giving with compact streams on long distance. Therefore replacing of fluorinated film-forming foamers with hydrocarbonic ones, which decay after application well, is premature.