Introduction. Fire safety means security of an individual, property, society and state from the fires. It is considered that innovative development of branch of knowledge should be analyzed using patent associated documents. A research objective - to carry out the analysis of the domestic patents for inventions on fire safety granted in 2014. Materials and methods. The object of research was an electronic database of patents for inventions of Russian Federal Service for Intellectual Property, patents and trademarks (Rospatent) (http://www1.fips.ru). Search word "fire*" truncated by an "asterisk*" was used. Similarity (distinctions) of signs was determined by Student's t-test. Distribution of patents by years was investigated using dynamic ranking with second-order polynomial regression. Results and their analysis. The polynomial trend of the number of patents granted in 1994-2014 with low determination coefficient (R² = 0.69) shows their increase. In the two decades -1994-2013 (135+7) inventions on fire safety were patented in Russia annually. In 2014, Rospatent registered 246 inventions on fire safety. 15.3 % of inventions were devoted to physical and chemical bases of burning development and termination, explosion and fire safety; 7.4 % were devoted to the organization of fire extinguishing and rescue operations; 5.6 % - to fire safety of buildings and constructions; 5.9 % - to fire safety of the woods; 34.4 % - to the firefighting equipment; 12.3 % - to industry and fire automatic equipment; 3 % - to fire safety of electric units; 0.3 % - to other subjects. Conclusion. In 1994-2014, an increase in the number of patents for inventions in the field of fire safety was noted. Analysis of inventions makes it possible to predict development of knowledge in the field of fire safety.

The article raised the question of the formation and development of the system of categorization of premises and buildings of industrial and warehouse use on fire and explosion hazards. The role of this system in the development of regulatory requirements for fire safety is noted. It is shown that, despite more than 75 years history improve the criteria and methods for determining the category currently contentious issues still are remained, and ambiguous interpretation of certain provisions of Set of rules 12.13130.2009 is allowed. With the entry into force of the Federal law No. 123 Technical regulations about requirements of fire safety and the introduction of such a criterion of fire safety of objects of protection as the value of the individual fire risk the current system of categorization has become largely obsolete. Methods for determining the categories of premises and determine the design value of the fire risk, pursuing, in general, a single objective-to assess the level of fire hazard protection object and define the list of requirements of fire safety, sometimes give a different result that calls into question efficiency of a lot of positions of normative documents on fire safety. Consideration of these requirements through the prism of ensuring the standard value of fire risk, questioned the objectivity of the existing criteria categorization, as a tool to measure the level of threat to life and health of people in the building. The article presents examples that demonstrate that the categories of premises or buildings on the fire and explosion hazards often do not allow to assess the real fire hazard of production.

This article presents the experimental investigation results of ignition of particles and dust of lignite coal (B2 rank, Krasnoyarsk region, Borodino deposit) as well as slurry fuel droplets (mixture of coal dust and water) based on this coal at interaction with heated surface. The studies are focused on determining the mechanisms and conditions of ignition of organic fuels (which are used in thermal power plants) at direct contact with heated surface. Conductive heat transfer is typical for actual conditions of technological processes at interaction of fuel particles or droplets with heated surfaces of power equipment at the stages of preparing components, their filtration, drying, transportation and supply to combustion chambers. For several characteristic sizes (from 1 to 5 mm) of the coal particles we determined the duration of inert heating until the implementation moment of intense exothermic process in the range of heat source temperatures from 600 to 850 °С. Similar results were obtained for slurry fuel droplet with characteristic size of 5 mm. The significant influence of coal particle sizes on their ignition delay times was revealed. Analysis of experimental results showed, that the process duration of ignition initiating for slurry fuel droplet considerably exceeds (more than 20 %) the similar characteristic for coal particle under the identical research conditions.

At the present time in Russia the construction of buildings and structures of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is developed. Different cement composites, structural elements, the building are shown the behavior differently in terms of exposure of fire and high temperatures. However, there is hardly any method of complex analysis of the behavior of materials at elevated temperatures in building structures, and the existing methodologies to determine the fire resistance do not provide a full assessment of fire hazard of building structures and construction materials from which they are made. Along side with this process new types of materials that can effectively protect the building structure from thermal effects are developed. So the Department of Fire Prevention of Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia together with the Department of Building Materials, Special Technology and Technological Complexes of Ivanovo State Polytechnic University developed mortar compositions with increased thermal stability, which contain a supplement of liquid glass and fiberglass. Research and calculations performed with the participation of these compositions showed that the method for determining the fire resistance of concrete structures can be used to characterize the impact of different components of the raw mix cement composite thermal insulation properties of the protective solution and fire resistance of reinforced concrete hollow core slabs. The research was conducted on the compositions of heat-resistant plaster. Their average density, thermal conductivity was determined. To determine the fire resistance of building structures with using the developed mortars such a thermal characteristic as thermal conductivity was determined. The data shows that heavy concrete has a higher fire resistance than conventional mixes the solution at the same thickness. The addition of mineral fibers increases the fire retardant properties of the solution. For example, adding 3 % fibers by weight of the solids increases its fire-resistance properties 1.4 times. For example, the fire resistance of the construction in comparison with a layer of heavy concrete in the application layer of a solution containing 3 % of fibers increases by 8 %. Thus, researches and calculations have shown that the method for determining the fire resistance of concrete structures can be used to characterize the impact of different components of the raw mix cement on the thermal insulation of the composite material properties and fire resistance of building structures.

The collapse of 47-storeyed WTC-7 skyscraper which occurred during 7 hours after terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center became the main riddle of the events of September 11,2001. The WTC-7 skyscraper wasn't a direct object of terrorist attack therefore circumstances of progressing collapse of this building caused fair amount of serious research, and also was followed by numerous myths and falsifications of events of September 11, 2001. The version of the mechanism of WTC-7 progressing collapse, presented in this article, is based on the theory of fire resistance of objects in case of exposure to combined hazardous effects (CHE) taking into account the crucial role of creep strain of steel constructions under such conditions. It is noted that propagation of creep strain of the steel constructions under described conditions was so considerable that could cause partial damage of their fire protection and eventually lead to the fire resistance exhaustion and to buckling of the steel columns in east part of the stiffening core during a fire. As a result of loss of the bearing capacity of stiffening core columns, due to the redistribution of load on the external envelope of the building, the critical warm-up temperature of external envelope columns (in a fire development zone) decreased to the level of their warm-up temperatures during a fire. It led to loss of bearing capacity of the external envelope columns in a fire zone and to total destruction of WTC-7.

The information about the situation with the fires and their effects on the Earth at the beginning of the XXI century has been presented in the article. There was estimated the total number of fires on the Earth in 10-12 mln. a year and the number of fire deaths in the 100-120 thous. inh. a year. The trends of the number of fires and fire deaths from 2009 to 2013 in 40 countries of the world have been shown. The data on mortality in the world and its main causes according to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO) is given. The authors have estimated the number of "deaths from the fire, heat and hot substances" by data of WHO and the number of "fire deaths" by data of fire services in 35 countries. All the data for the 35 countries as a result varies by 33 %. The article provides estimates of percentages of gross domestic product (GDP) accounted for by several fire-related components of the "total cost of fire", shows that it is about 1 % of the GDP of the country at the same time the cost of fire fighting in 3-5 times greater than the loss from fires.

The problem of quantitative evaluation of possibilities of realization of dangerous effects for the people in the fire is an actual problem both in our country and abroad. With the introduction of the norms of "obligatory" and "voluntary" nature it has arisen the need to introduce a controller that allows in exceptional cases to derogate from the requirements of the standards while ensuring the safety of people. The method of calculation of fire risk has become by this regulator. The practice of application of methods of calculation of fire risk in buildings of public use revealed a number of shortcomings and contradictions, especially in the justification of the presence and absence of various systems automatic fire protection, which is quite natural and confirms the relevance of this mechanism among specialists. It is hard to overstate the role of systems of automatic fire protection in fire safety, however, the methodology provided a mechanism that takes into account their presence at the facility, unfortunately, often entails obtaining an incorrect result. This leads to the fact that the use of additional automatic fire protection systems becomes ineffective, and the rejection from at least one of these systems for a significant portion of the objects is not possible. With the aim of eliminating these drawbacks it has been proposed a number of changes in the method of calculation of individual fire risk in public buildings, permitting more correctly assess the need for automated fire safety systems.

Experimental dependences of the specific consumption of extinguishing powder, and also the time of suppression of gasoline, diesel fuel and mix of gasoline and diesel fuel from the powder flow rate received during tests with specially created installation are given. The original methodology of experiment is presented. The sequence of experimental processes is given. During extinguishing it was detected concurrent effect - entrainment of atmospheric oxygen by disperse stream of powder in combustion zone, accompanying the main action of fire extinguishing substance - removal of heat from combustion zone. It is shown that the high efficiency of action of powder disperse stream is explained by high specific surface area of a disperse system. It is detected that additional mechanism of impact on a fire, attributed to powders, is the flame arresting effect. Quantitative ratios for estimation of the powder specific consumption and the time of suppression of combustible liquid flame are given. The analysis of these ratios indicates the presence of a minimal dependence of the specific consumption from the powder flow rate that is in satisfactory agreement with experimental results.

The possibility of increasing of the multiplicity and stability of foams based on large non-deficient surfactants by use of modifying additives was investigated. Foaming properties of solutions with modifying additives were evaluated in terms of multiplicity and stability of the foam according to National Standard of Russian Federation 50588-2012 "Foaming agents for fire extinguishing. General technical requirements and test methods". To select the optimum amount of additives the dependence of the multiplicity of foam from the concentration of the modifying additive was determined. The most promising compounds for the preparation of foaming agents on the basis of industrial surfactants and modifying additives were identified. On the result of research, these are based on the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate with the addition of isopropyl alcohol (5 % vol.) and ethylene glycol (15 % vol.), as well as foaming agent PO-6K and isopropyl alcohol (5 % vol.). The possibility of using additives of isopropyl alcohol and ethylene glycol to prolong the life of the foam and improve the foaming properties of standard solutions of surfactants is shown.