According to the statistics of fires and explosions the greatest number of accidents associated with the handling of pyrotechnic products (PP) is taken place in the production process, and also in the implementation, storage and transportation of fireworks. The article analyzes the fire safety requirements for ensuring fire safety of pyrotechnic products in the process of conversion (implementation, storage, handling, transportation, disposal). Retail PP domestic purposes is performed in the stores, departments and sections of shops, pavilions and kiosks, providing product safety, precluding the ingress of direct sunlight and precipitation. Security storage of pyrotechnic products is provided by the requirements of operational documentation on the package, the norms of loading, duration of storage (temperature, humidity), compatibility of products during storage. Pyrotechnic products may be transported only under the condition that it is packaged, labeled, has signs of manipulation, the necessary shipping documents and transportation will be stored by its consumer properties and ensured compliance with operational documentation. The analysis of requirements of fire safety demonstrations (shows) of the fireworks views on the open areas and in rooms. The analysis provides information about the order of the shows both outdoors and indoors. Emphasizes the necessity of observance of requirements of fire safety in premises: during the demonstration entertaining effect should be excluded the application of household pyrotechnic articles of I-III hazard classes. The holding of fireworks may be made by the organization-demonstration (the contractor) having a license or a permit and duly registered as a legal entity, the Charter of which provides for this type of activity.

This article presents the results of experimental investigations of the evaporation of water droplets under velocity conditions through atypical combustion of flammable liquids and oil products. The studies were focused on creating an experimental basis, sufficient for the development of the basic elements of fire extinguishing technologies using atomized water. It is established a determining influence of the sizes of generated droplets and initial velocities of their movement on the intensity of heating and evaporation of the droplets in the stream of high-temperature combustion products of gasoline, kerosene, and commercial alcohol. The results of experimental studies with the known model of heat and mass transfer are compared. An approximate expressions to predict the velocities of evaporation of water droplets in the combustion products of typical flammable liquids and oil products are determined. It is distinguished an opportunity to fairly simple assess of necessary and sufficient conditions for the complete evaporation of the water in the flames of oil products (at a known temperature of the flame).

According to Government Resolution No. 290 "On the Federal State Fire Supervision" dated 12.04.2012 for the purposes of monitoring compliance with the legal entity, individual entrepreneur, etc. requirements of fire safety are carried out routine checks. This type of oversight activities conducted after three years from the date of registration in a tax body or three years since the last scheduled inspection. To avoid this event in accordance with article 6 of Federal Law No. 123 "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" (hereinafter - the Technical regulation) is permitted to carry out the calculation of the assessment of fire risk. If the calculated value does not exceed the allowable value set by the Technical regulations, it is considered that the facility meets fire safety requirements. Every year the number of organic compounds is increased by 250-300 thousand, details of which there is no, and the calculation of the magnitude of fire risk requires knowledge of the properties of substances as lower heating value, specific speed of burnout, the linear speed of burnout. Experimental determination of physico-chemical properties of substances is associated with significant technical difficulties, economic and time costs. Therefore, a promising method for determination of the fire performance method is based on the use of descriptors and artificial neural networks. The program KDS 1.0 handles pre-computed descriptors of the substance and predicts the required property.

The most electric wiring fires strike in residential structures causing a great many of casualties. The numbers of the same fires on industrial enterprises are considerably fewer but damage from them is rather greater. Thereby electric wiring is mostly vulnerable to the fire risk and threatens life safety directly. It is rather hard to assess the possibility of an emerging fire in electrical equipment by outward signs because the majority of emergency processes are not visible. It is a usual thing that the problem is discovered when the electrical installation is no longer on duty. It is true that emergencies in electric wiring are caused by voltage overloading and large transient resistance. Electric wiring failure is revealed by rising the temperature of conductors. Running out of the normal mode, heating of electric wiring up to high temperatures brings to chemical distraction and untimely erosion of isolation what finally provokes a short circuit and a probable fire. The fact is that during a long period the isolation is under the process of lowering its resistance and loss of isolation characteristics what negatively influences the temperature mode of the wiring as well. Application of thermo chrome dyes within the isolation of wiring affords to visualize the development of emergency modes of operation. Thermo chrome stickers on transformers and electric motors have also exposed the potential of this signal stuff intended for warning of a possible ignition in electrical equipment. Being referred to analysis of statistics of fires, literary sources and the experiment it has been made the conclusion proving that it is possible to apply thermo chrome dyes as indicators of the moment when electrical installations start operating under the modes associated with fire risks. Application of thermo chrome stuff displaying the temperature rise above the normal operational temperature of equipment will give a chance to respond to the problem in a proper time preventing breakdown of the equipment and the fire ignition.

Calculate the mass of natural gas M_r contained in a limited section of the main pipeline (MP) when the emergency break with time-sensitive cut-offline of cranes, confining the accident area, is an important parameter in evaluating the loss of gas in the accident. In addition, fire, its heat output and burning time flame torch are estimated and forecasted by this parameter. However, existing techniques are not sufficiently detailed. And author has not found the methods of system calculation of this parameter in the current methodological and normative documents. Despite the apparent simplicity of the problem, the analysis showed that the parameter M_r depends primarily on the calculation of the average temperature of T^cp, medium pressure P^cp rely on specialized techniques, which, in turn, include more than two dozen parameters that characterize the state of a gas in terms of its transport and depressurization of the pipeline, and Z^cp - compressibility factor for each emergency site, the length of the section of the pipeline L and the inner diameter of the pipe d_BH. Calculations of other parameters recommended by the standard methods are complex, three-dimensional and routine, require access to specialized software products that are not available in the current engineering activity. It introduces uncertainty in the choice of the calculation scheme and is accompanied by the production of different calculation results. The rationale for this method of calculating the mass of natural gas M_r involved in maintaining a burning torch in case of emergency break MP, the subject of this article.

One of the problems of the fire statistics is an absence of indexes, showing situation with number of professional fireman in the world and allowing produce partition a region on groups satisfactory and successful. Given problem can be solved on base of the use of the Dow Jones Average method. The Dow Jones Average is famous indicator of the condition of the economy and stock market. In article it is offered enter index of the number professional fireman in world on base of the approach Dow Jones Average. In scheme of the calculation the index of professional fireman number role industrial corporation is played by the countries of world. After ranking countries on number of professional fireman we shall select 20 the countries in order of the decrease since maximum amount. These countries form the listing of the calculation of the index. The index of professional fireman number is defined by averaging given on countries, trapped in the listing. The regions, in which magnitude of number of professional fireman is higher the index values, form the successful group. In work there are executed calculations of the index of professional fireman number for 2009 year in the world. There are highlighted regions, trapped in the listing, as well as certain regions with successful situation. The offered index of professional fireman number can be a basis to taking management and trained decisions similarly that as Dow Jones Average is used in economy and finance.

Oil and gas complex plays a crucial role in the modern economy both the Russian Federation and the world as a whole. Damage from the fire and downtime entail huge losses. To improve the fire departments in ensuring the fire safety of oil and gas complexes is necessary to define the tasks of management, steps of the management process, particularly the decision-making. Problems solved by the management, are divided into three classes: planning; the operational management; compensation plans. When planning the system selects the goals, means and methods are determined by the goal, taking into account sufficiently stable factors required forces and resources, their sources and method of distribution logistics between units of fire protection. The purpose of planning is to draw up plans for search and rescue operations on a sufficiently large number of types of accidents. Operational management is to ensure the functioning of the system in accordance with the plans and conditions which govern the relationship between the elements of the system. Correction consists in drawing up plans for the new plan in terms of disturbances due to the reallocation of existing resources. To keep the fire at the proper level is required to develop appropriate scenarios of accidents and ways of their elimination, to conduct a comprehensive assessment of action at the head of the fire extinguishing acceptance of management decisions, as well as to justify the quantitative requirements for the control system of fire protection units.

It is studied the thermal and radiation stability of the IR-detectors based on photosensitive films of solid solutions in PbS-CdS system obtained by chemical vapor deposition on a pyroceramics substrate. It is shown that the films exhibit a high stability in the composition and photoelectric properties when heated to 405-410 K at normal conditions and under the influence of irradiation y-radiation ~300 P/min with a set of the total dose up to 10⁷ R. At increase of the CdS content in solid solution to the 17 mol. % "red" limit of the photoanswer moves in short-wave area to 1.6 microns, and a maximum photosensitivity - from 2.5 to 1.2 microns. Frequency of change rate of resistance at a light flare depending on structure of a film is in an interval from 10-100. According to the frequency characteristics photoresistors on their basis are most effective at 298 K for frequencies of the radiation modulation of 0.25-6.0 kHz. At temperature decrease of a sensitive layer to 253 K time constant increases no more, than twice at increase in volts-watt sensitivity by 6-8 times. For a sensitive element of 0.48x0.48 mm² on the basis of solid solution Cd₀₀₆₂Pb₀₉₃₈S the maximum value of detective ability at 300 K (^_max, 1000 Hz) from a source like "A"made2.510¹¹ cm/(W-Hz^1/2).

On the basis of experimental studies of suppression of inflammable and flammable liquids flame by water film forming solutions it is revealed the mechanism of suppression of the flame which passes through the stage of formation of return emulsion during contact of solution drops with the burning surface. Dependence of specific consumption and suppression time of flammable and inflammable liquids flame on the flow rate of disperse streams of water solutions is received. Possibility of suppression of inflammable and flammable liquids by sprayed streams of the film-forming water solutions, containing fluorinated surfactants, is also revealed. It is experimentally established that dependence of solution specific consumption on the flow rate is pass through a minimum point nature of which is connected with existence of a contributing factor - increase of a foam layer thickness above necessary thickness possessing isolating properties.