Basis of research and information model of fire safety management for territorial entity is analyzed in this work. Subject infrastructure is considered as a complex of industry sectors, manufacturers and organizations. The research is focused on risk factors of the infrastructure which endanger the safety, including fire safety. Main characteristics of the subjects, which can determine risk factor and develop risk prevention measures, are described. Factors are investigated in details to determine potential risks, including fire risks. Each factor should be included in risk assessment and taken into account for development of safety management model. Information on territorial entities is classified for development of safety management model, and strategic infrastructures and objects of critical importance are described and analyzed. Special focus is on facilities with large places of assembly (objects of high risk) in the subject. Also special objects (cultural heritage objects, airports, objects of fuel & energy complex) are considered as objects of high risk. Case study for development of research and information model of safety management is considered for Tyva Republic. Information on risks of technogenic and natural disasters is analyzed based on territory passports, characteristics of republic industry, energetic complex, transport are considered. All special objects are included in this report: places of large assembly, objects with high risks. Schemes of communication, organizing connection and management, emergency response are developed. Comparative analysis of Russian and international normative documents with requirements for risk assessment and risk prevention and reduction measures is performed in the work. International standards for risk management in regions suggest risk probability and risk consequences assessment, then the procedure for identified risk prevention, control and management is developed.

The existing legislative and regulatory base must provide the qualified its application at all stages of life cycle of buildings, constructions, networks and systems of technical providing. Owing to intensive and permanent development of the cities and settlements, and also the happening changes concerning boundaries of the cities and settlements taking into account the trunk pipelines which are actually available in the territories laid out in previous years it isn’t always possible to provide compliance of minimum admissible distances from an axis of trunk pipelines to designed projects of protection, to the set normative requirements. On the basis of relevant provisions of technical regulations at derogation from the requirements established by the list of national standards and which sets of rules as a result of application on an obligatory basis observance of requirements of the Federal law No. 384-FZ “Technical regulations about safety of buildings and constructions” is provided, preparation of the project documentation and construction of the building or a construction are carried out according to the special specifications developed and coordinated in the order established by authorized federal executive authority. Attempts of unambiguous application of requirements of sets of rules (especially voluntary application) are at least incorrect, and in fact are illegal according to Articles no. 15 and no. 17 of Federal law No. 384, and also the government resolution of 17.08.2016 No. 806 “About application risk - the focused approach at the organization of separate types of the state control (supervision) and introduction of amendments to some acts of the Government of the Russian Federation”.

The number of organic compounds exceeded 40 million and increases each year by 300 thousand. To ensure the fire safety and technological calculations of processes of production, for storage and transportation materials there are needed data rates fire and explosion hazard substances. Therefore, development of a method of forecasting fire danger indicators and thermodynamic properties of substances, based on the minimum amount of experimental data, is an important task. Solution of this problem is connected with an establishment of the relationship between the molecular characteristics and thermodynamic properties of substances in the homologous series. The available methods for calculating the properties of multi component systems are also based on the properties of the constituent components. An essential drawback thermodynamic value of standardization methods is that the obtained values of the thermodynamic functions are only indirectly related to the intermolecular interaction that determines the properties of liquids. It is known that the laws of thermodynamics do not contain the concept of interaction. These concepts are introduced from other areas of science. The interaction energy of the molecules is defined as the work of their division into an infinite state. However, another possible solution to the problem - isolation of molecules from interacting with each other, while maintaining the distance between them. If the energies of the “isolated” and “separated” molecules are equal, off the intermolecular interactions in the two cases, require the same work. Contribution of intermolecular interactions in the thermodynamic function is determined by the difference between the values of this function for the standard and the actual systems. As a standard system without intermolecular interaction was taken ideal gas at the temperature and volume of liquid. As objects of research are chosen substances of the homologous series of n-alkyl amines. The analysis determined that values of the thermodynamic functions of substances additively depend on the molar weight of n-alkyl amine in the homologous series. Similar dependence was observed for the flash point n-alkyl amines. Taking into account the general tendency in the change of flash point values and the Helmholtz energy of molar weight substances in the homologous series, it seems appropriate to establish their interrelation. The corresponding equations were obtained. Earlier similar dependence was observed for the homologous series of substances: n-alkyl etanoats, aliphatic ketones and alcohols. The established regularities and obtained based on these equations allow us to predict the properties of homologous series of substances with the necessary accuracy for practical purposes.

Today many offices and trade centers, manufacturing buildings have large areas, which include trade zones, warehouses and etc. Fires in these objects may result in huge pecuniary losses and casualties. One of the most effective fire safety equipment is fire-protective curtains. In case of fire proliferation threat curtain falls to cut pathways of fire, smoke and hot gases to other sectors of building. The curtains may be automatically, remote or manually controlled. The aim of this work is to formulate recommendations for designing of fire-protective curtain with thermal resistance, which could provide ability to withstand high-intensity heat impact of fire in stationary regime. This requires to have thermal model of curtain and consider the ways of heat transfer. Thermal model allows to verify materials of curtain, number of layers, emissivity coefficient, geometry and calculate, how different variations of this parameters influence on thermal resistance. We suggested thermal and mathematic models of fire curtain and solved three examples of curtain: one-layer textile curtain, two-layer textile curtain with air interlayer and one-layer textile curtain with coverage of sloughing material. The results of investigation show, that one-layer and two-layer curtains can’t protect from spread of fire, because of low thermal resistance. These examples may be optimized by usage of several layers, which could reduce thermal radiation from flame, because at high temperatures (about 1000 °C) radiation realizes the main part of heat transfer. For example at textile layer about ten thin metallic polished shields with emissivity coefficient 0.1 have to be installed. Third example of fire-protective curtain showes the best thermal resistance among considered models. It provides high insulating and strength characteristics and allows withstanding intensive thermal action conditions for few hours.

The problem of timely delivery of needed goods to remote objects in the Arctic region and Siberia is shown here. Distance of objects, their autonomy functioning, complex climate and weather conditions determine the relevance of solving problems related to the development of special technologies in the delivery of needed goods to these objects. A two-stage technology for delivering goods is proposed in order to minimize delivery time of the goods which are required to extinguish a fire or emergency response. It involves the creation of intermediate goods platforms (IGP). The containers from the stationary stores move there, and from these platforms they move to the objects by helicopters. The queuing theory is used as a mathematical apparatus. Common assumptions are used for the development of the model: goods area has a capacity E , the number of the supplied objects N , container shipping from warehouses to the goods platform is carried out with intensity µ, requests for containers of objects N comes with an intensity l, the values l and µ are the parameters of the exponential distribution laws. The average time of the receipt of the containers to platforms and requests from objects N is random. The process of receiving applications and sending containers to distant objects is steady. The model of the two-stage delivery of goods is presented in the form of a queuing system ( QS ), abiding in { S } states with the corresponding probabilities { p }. QS analysis problem is formulated as follows: the values N , E , µ and {l_i } are known. It is required to assess the probabilities p_staff , p_demand and p_crisis . The problem of synthesis in one variant may be formulated as follows: the values N , E , {l_i } are known, the limits on the allowable values of probabilities are set { p_staff , p_demand , p_crisis }^add . It is required to determine the intensity µ of the transportation of goods, to observe the conditions: (1) In another variant, the synthesis problem can be formulated as follows: the values N , µ, {l_i } are known and the limits are set (1). It is required to determine the necessary capacity IGP E. There are other possible formulations of the synthesis problem. Models of delivery of goods for two or three distant objects are shown. Expressions to determine the probabilities of conditions of two-stage goods delivery system are presented for these cases. A special case when all N of the objects are the same and can generate applications with the same intensity l is also shown here. These expressions can be used to deliver goods to distant objects to solve the problems of analysis and synthesis, both for normal operation and also for the appearance of abnormal situations - fires, accidents, equipment failures, inaccessible objects, where it is impossible or untimely to deliver the goods.

In article the risks of lowering of covers of compressed-air supported constructions (VOS) arising during the opening of all or a part of emergency exits from a construction are considered. Lowering of covers can lead to violation of functioning of doors. For prevention of lowering of VOS establish on the ways of evacuation of an arch of safety that it is integrated to additional costs and restrictions. For purity of assessment of the risk factor connected with lowering of a cover in article the fires leading to distribution of dangerous factors of the fire within VOS amount, but not to loss of an integrity of a cover are considered. The characteristic of fire risk of lowering of a cover is critical time of t_kr of reduction of amount of a cover to some extreme value, for example, before reduction of amount of a cover twice of rather working hours. For receipt of engineering estimates it is offered to break process of lowering of a cover into two stages: the first stage - reduction of excessive pressure in a cover from working pressure up to the critical pressure during t₁ when preserving amount of a cover; the second stage - isobaric reduction of amount of a cover to limiting amount with a critical pressure during t₂. Critical time for VOS is equal to the amount of times of t₁ and t₂. Approximate analytical estimates of times of t₁ and t₂ depending on space-planning characteristics of VOS, number and the sizes of emergency exits from constructions, the mass of a cover, excessive working pressure in a cover are received. The example of calculations of t₁ and t₂ for the real compressed-air supported construction used for sporting events by amount about 27 thousand m³ is given. It is established that time of t₁ changes within seconds, and t₂ within 5-15 minutes. With settlement way existence of risk of lowering of a cover taking into account holding mass actions in VOS in case of which evacuation time from a cover changes within 4-10 minutes is confirmed. It is offered to use for increase in t_kr technological system of a subtime of air in VOS which in case of the maximum feed rates of air can compensate substantially an air consumption through open doors. Formulas for assessment of times of t₁ and t₂ taking into account amounts of the given air in ventagregatama VOS are offered. Taking into account not fixed opening of doors in case of evacuation, very frequent device of opening of doors against the direction of evacuation, the assumption of a soft design of covers, the received time estimates of lowering of covers should be considered as the lower estimates of critical time. Further comparison of settlement critical times of lowering of covers with experimentally received values of times is necessary for the operated covers that will allow including, to specify effective consumption factor of m_otv air through VOS doors.

The fires in the park of petroleum products tanks are inextricably linked with intense heating from burning tank and creation conditions for dissemination of the fire on the nearest tanks by the radiative and convection heat transfer. The water is the main cooling agent, using in standard equipment today, because of its accessibility and good thermal characteristics. At the same time, the waters efficiency for the thermal protection purpose of petroleum products tanks is greatly reduced, because of low adhesion and low viscosity. This work studies the physical properties of modified hydrogel suspensions (HGS), prepared by distilled water and polymers of acrylic acid marked “Carbopol ETD 2020”. Thermal modification was to clamping the abnormal water properties, such as heat capacity and thermal conductivity, in conditions of 4 °C. Electrophysical modification was the impact on researching compositions by the variable frequency modulated potential (VFMP). Present VFMP-impact results in a characteristic Raman frequency shear into the valence vibration area of O-H bond in the frequency rang ~3200…3400 cm^-1, indicating that the structure was modified. The modification HGS and water structures by VFMP was confirmed by Raman spectra and atomic force microscopy. We got a density value for HGS depending on concentration of Carbopol, while HGS density was decreased in conditions of VFMP. Also noticed, that HGS, which was prepared in conditions of 4 °C, have more value of density, than HGS which was prepared in conditions of 20 °C. This fact can be explained by the density of water decreasing with temperature increasing. During the heating and boiling processes studying, we have found, that heating time for modified HGS, which have concentration 0.1-0.2 % mas., to a maximum temperature was lower than distill water by 30-50 %, while a higher concentration HGS was heated slowly, with the best result for 0.25-1 % concentrated HGS. A significant increase of heating time (to 60 %) was noted for all HGS, which was prepared in conditions of 4 °C. These results suggest the possibility of significant influence on the processes of heat and mass transfer in HGS heating conditions due to changes in water properties and structure parameters, which in turn, provides improved thermal insulation properties HGS compared with the standard cooling agents that will efficiently use them in standard cooling equipment of petroleum products tanks.