The scheme, technique and results of experiments on statistical analysis of the effects of water droplets collision at their movement through the flame as a sprayed liquid stream are provided in this work. For receiving results of experimental research the modern high-speed video registration means, a cross-correlation video complex, and also the advanced methods and algorithms of information processing were used. It is established that errors of measurement of the water droplet sizes were no more than 2,1 %, speeds of gases and droplets - 3,4 %. Several characteristic modes of collision of droplets at the movement through a flame are revealed. The reasons of emergence of the revealed modes are established and the corresponding facsimiles are provided. Probabilities of approach of each collision modes (coagulation, crushing and scattering) are defined. The dependences illustrating the frequency of emergence of each collision mode and allowing predicting the collision modes are received. It is shown that on the basis of the revealed consequences of collisions of liquid droplets it is possible to choose parameters of its giving in a zone of a flame and an arrangement of sprays (relatively each other). The demanded crushing of a stream of droplets or their integration will be provided thus.

Wood-hazard material that generate a lot of smoke in case of fire. In combination with toxic gases of thermal degradation it may result in destructive consequences include deaths. Some fire retardants are capable to change thermal degradation process of wood reducing the number of smoke. In that paper influence of phosphorus-containing compounds on smoke generation have been considered. In paper there are used some of the physico-chemical methods (porous structure methods BET/BJH, IR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis) and standard method for determination of smoke generation properties of building materials. In the result the most effective compound and offered the mechanism of effective smoke suppression in the presence of diethylphosphate are selected. Wood with diethylphosphite in case of fire has the minimal smoke generation. This effect can be explain by analysis of porous structure of surface layer after thermal degradation. Results of elemental analysis and IR-spectroscopy indicate high content of elemental phosphorus in the surface layer.

Synthetic dyes are applied practically in all industries. World production of dyes increases every year, and their range is constantly expanding. Organic dyes are combustible, and their dusty-air mixtures represent a danger of fires and explosions. Consequently, in the development of measures to ensure fire safety is necessary to have information about the fire hazard properties of dyes. Currently one of the most urgent tasks is to develop universal prediction methods of physical and chemical properties of organic compounds. Promising important method is the descriptors method based on establishing of dependency the structure - properties. The purpose of this work - study the possibility of using the descriptor method for predicting the lower flammability limit (LFL) of anthraquinone dyes. The analysis found that the best correlation with the index LFL observed for geometric descriptors (gravitation index: all pairs and the molecule surface area) and the electrostatic descriptors (topographic electronic indexes: all pairs and all bonds). On the basis of these data approximation equation for calculating the LFL was obtained. Checking of the adequacy of the equation showed that the average relative error of estimate of LFL makes 30 %. Thus, the descriptors method can be used to assess the LEL of anthraquinone dyes.

Contained in article fire statistics shows that today the main cause of ignition of cars is the failure of its systems, mechanisms and units. Wherein, the proportion of the number of fires due to a technical failure increased from 15.7 % in 2001 to 34.0 % in 2010. And in 2012 the total number of fires that have occurred due to a malfunction of systems, mechanisms and units of the vehicle and the vehicle wiring fault is equal to 7718 (40.0 %),25% higher than the number of fire for the same reason in 2011. Thus, the development of measures to prevent fire on a vehicle is essential. One of the types of preventive measures is fire investigation. The article indicates that the overwhelming number of fire engineering conclusions regarding the technical reasons of fire in vehicles are likely that does not allow to implement and design specific engineering solutions. This can be explained by many factors, including the lack of evidence-based practices. In particular, methods of analysis of the reflow of live products from brass in forensic fire technical expertise are not available, although the need for expert research of brass contacts is very high. The article gives examples of actual research of brass cable lug wire weight for Lada RSO 15L-02U-41, Lada KS0Y5-02D-42, Lada 21144 cars, completely burnt in the fire. To conduct the study a scanning electron microscope JSM-6392LV was used with energy dispersive microanalysis system INCAEnergy. In the course of the study there were confirmed and specified on the actual examples of diagnostic features, experimentally determined by specialists of the Research Center of Expertise Fires (All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of Emercom of Russia), and the identity of the process of destruction of the brass contact-electric or thermal. It is proved that on the surface of the brass contacts there can be fixed as the classic signs of a large transient resistance and highly specific for brass contacts signs in the form of separation of zinc in the form of spherical particles. It has been established that the identified signs are stable and unaffected in the natural conditions of storage of thermally damaged car. The given data may be used by specialists with expert study of brass contacts vehicles, seized from fire, establishing the nature of their damages and, ultimately, cause of the fire. In addition the materials contained in the article can be useful to the manufacturer Lada RSO 15L-02U-41, Lada KS0Y5-02D-42, Lada 21144 in preventing fires by improving technological discipline and improvement of the design of the contact nodes.

The proposed mathematical description of the key parameters and conditions of the processes of emptying the processing equipment by releasing dangerous gases from it with the account of non-stationarity ofthe processes allowed to obtain equations for determination of duration ofthe gas efflux from the equipment before its full emptying in cases of subcritical and critical efflux velocities. The proposed two methods of determining the time of emptying the equipment, through reducing mass ofthe gas (x_m) and through pressure dumping (x_P), give divergences in the results about 1-2 %. The obtained analytical dependences allow determining flow parameters at the stack tip (pressure, mass flow rate, temperature, density, speed) depending on time. The use of these dependences as boundary conditions for calculation of gas releases in such software packages as Fluent [1,6], allows for adequate calculating the process of propagation ofthe air-gas mixture in the atmospheric surface layer at releasing dangerous gases from the industrial tanks and vessels in cases of shutdowns of technological systems for repairs or at emergencies.

Parameter average temperature T_cp is necessary, for example, to estimate the mass of natural gas involved in the formation of a fiery torch in case of emergency destruction of the main pipeline. However, the methodology for a systematic calculation of this parameter in the current methodological and normative documents, the author has not found. Despite the apparent simplicity of the problem, the analysis showed that the parameter of T_cp depends primarily on the calculation of the parameter of the gas temperature T_K at the end of the emergency section of the pipeline, which, in turn, depends on the mass performance of the Q_c pipeline, specific heat of natural gas C_p, the relative density of natural gas A, the length of the section of the pipeline L, the outer diameter of the pipe d_H, the heat transfer coefficient K_T and more than two dozen parameters that characterize the state of a gas in terms of its transport and depressurization of the pipeline. Calculations of the number of parameters regulated in several regulatory documents, which introduces uncertainty in the choice of the calculation scheme and is accompanied by the production of different calculation results. Calculations of other parameters recommended by the standard methods are complex, three-dimensional routine, require access to specialized software products that are not available in the current engineering activities. To clarify these discrepancies, the rationale for the recommended design solutions and adapting them in a simple, systematic methodology for calculating the average temperature in different parts of the main pipeline the subject of this article.

The model of economic evaluation and substantiation of choice of explosion-relief valves (ERV) as well as determination of efficiency of explosion protection of buildings and constructions organized during the construction stage is considered in this article. It is shown that the important role in design of explosive productions is played by choice of economically effective materials for ERV. It is noted that choose of any type of ERV should minimize full costs of its erection and exploitation taking into account probability of emergence explosions. The considered method allows selecting such materials for ERV which reduce full costs to minimum. The equation for economic evaluation of choice of ERV type allow to establish total costs of construction, exploitation and reconstruction of buildings taking into account probability of explosion. The analysis of this equation and further calculations show that for buildings equipped with remote and (or) automatic production control, where explosions occur at intervals of 12-15 years or more, decrease of ERV areas is economically justified. For optimization of explosion safety costs it is necessary to use probabilistic methods of determination of explosion possibility and to realize the relevant protective measures.

For an estimation of thermal radiation influence consequences in extreme situations (including forest fires) foreign methods which represent quantitative dependences between thermodynamic and medical criteria of thermal defeat can be applied both domestic. Great volume of numerical-experimental data on thermal burns of various severity level of bio-object is saved up in leading research Centers NASA. Processing experimental research results have served as a basis for creation of standard methods of an estimation of bio-objects defeat. Following methods of forecasting are allocated after carrying out of harmonization of domestic and foreign methods of forecasting of thermal defeat for system thermal source -package of clothes -person: 1) tool; 2) numerical; 3) numerical-experimental. Now there are no the program components realizing developed mathematical models of real thermophysical processes, occurring in integuments and tissues of the person. Present article opens prospects for creation of new generation of medical information systems for needs of the Ministry of Emergency Measures and the first help at minimization and liquidation of a social damage from forest fires. Research objective is numerical research of thermal influence on integuments of a radiant flux from forest fires, taking into account structural heterogeneity of an integument. The new mathematical model of heat transfer in layered structure of an integument with presence in it of heterogeneities type of a hair bulb and hair is developed in present article. Numerical research of heat transfer for the scenario of a fire of low intensity and short-term influence of a radiant thermal flux from a forest fire front is carried out. It is necessary to notice, that for further scenario modeling data on control burns, spent in vicinities of Krasnoyarsk employees of Institute of forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science can be used. Program components for modeling of heat transfer processes in layered structure of an integument which can be applied by working out of new generation of medical information systems, and also for integration with geoinformation systems of the forecast of forest fire danger on the basis of the deterministic-probabilistic approach are created.

The free movement of people in a flow is a special case of the movement of human flows in buildings, constructions and in the territory of their complexes. Here the fullest manifestation of individual qualities of each person that defines probability of values of parameters of their movement is possible. They don't depend on influence of density of a human flow. The given provisions and probabilistic methods of modeling of the free movement of people give objective initial criteria of a correctness of individual and line models and the programs realizing them. As in the absence of influence of density of distribution of people on length of a way and time of their arrival to its concrete section are functions of casual argument - speeds of the movement of people, any individual and line model has to correspond at the free movement to well-known methods of probability theory. Check of individual and line model on compliance to these methods is paramount criterion of its correctness. Without performance of this criterion further consideration of any individual and line model, as if it didn't imitate influence of density of a stream on the movement of people, loses meaning.