According to requirements of aviation normative documents, materials of internal furnish of passenger cabins have to be checked on smoke-generating ability. State Standard 24632 is applied in Russia at smoke density qualification tests of aviation materials. Unlike the method described in item 4.18 of Interstate Standard 12.1.044, smoke density defined according at State Standard 24632 belongs to area of the material, instead of to its weight. Therefore, when using polymeric materials of aviation assignment of different thickness, there is need of carrying out tests of samples for each option of thickness. According to requirements of aviation norms on which the admissibility of application of materials in products is defined by the main characteristics of smoke density are kinetic indicators, that is the optical density for the given period of time (90, 120 or 240 sec). In this work foreign experience is analyzed, researches are conducted and available data on influence of thickness for different types of monolithic composite materials on registered indicators of smoke density are generalized. A presence of extremum (maximum) on schedules of change of characteristics of smoke density from thickness of sample of material is shown. Depending on type of material and the characteristic time of smoke density, thickness at which the maximum of smoke density is observed may change in the range from 1 to 3 mm. The equations of kinetic characteristics of smoke density describing character depending on thickness of tested sample are offered. Calculations of factors of the equations are carried out for the material VPS-41, the regression analysis is made, adequacy of the used mathematical models to experimental data is checked and confirmed and high level of correlation is established.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants for wood-based products of destruction of polyurethanes by diethylenetriamine and study their properties. Destruction products are a mixture consisting of diamines, glycols, and also, the diamide of adipic acid and an excess of diethylenetriamine. Destruction products used in the reaction Kabachnik - Fields as amine component to synthesize а-aminomethylenephosphonic acids, and aliphatic aromatic. The reaction mass after phosphorylation containing mixture а-aminomethylenephosphonic acids neutralized with aqueous ammonia solution to pH = 7 to give a mixture of ammonium salts of а-aminomethylenephosphonic acids. The resulting solution of ammonium salts of а-aminomethylenephosphonic acid was tested as a flame retardant for wood. Initial evaluation of the efficiency of nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants based on destruction products of polyurethanes by diethylenetriamine showed that at a rate of more than 140 g/m² all flame retardants provide weight loss samples revesiny less than 9 %.

The most dangerous factor in the internal gas explosion is the overpressure, that can lead to the destruction of the building. Methane is the most widespread burnable gas in the oil and gas industry rooms. Usually, while performing explosion overpressure calculation, the most danger scenario is used when space is filled with stoichiometric concentration of air-gas mixture. In real accidents mixture may flame up at any moment that is why it will not be uniformly mixed. In this proceeding the process of explosive mixture formation at instantly ejection is considered. Methane concentrations at different levels have been experimentally estimated. The mathematical simulation by means of turbulent diffusion equation has been performed. The minimal turbulent diffusion coefficient has been determined as 5.210^-3 m²/s at a vertical direction in immovable air at a temperature 25 °С. Obtained empirical value turbulent diffusion coefficient present a good agreement of experimental and calculated data. The proposed method of distribution of methane in the premises enables numerical calculation of the methane amount turned into a dangerously explosive condition with time consideration, in the future determine value AP

The analysis of the status and research directions prevent ignition of methane and coal dust at operation extraction and tunneling machines. It is revealed that the source of initiation of ignition of the dust-methane-air environment is a high temperature spot frictional contact of the cutter with destructible rock. The explosion safety of work instrument and the minimum the emission of dust in the process of destruction of coal or rock are provided with high-pressure irrigation or hydro-mechanical destruction of rocks by filing jets of water directly into the zone of contact of the tool with destructible array. Designed layouts of hydraulic equipment for mining and tunneling machines for their effective operation in the regime of high-pressure irrigation or hydro-mechanical destruction of coal and rocks.

It is shown that solving of the practical problems of protection of industrial buildings and constructions requires to the same extent to choose correctly the size and parameters of safety constructions in order to ensure decrease of arising loads up to the safe values and to calculate the bearing structures on dynamic stability while retaining their carrying capacity, and for this purpose it is necessary to define loadings arising in case of explosion of gas mixtures inside premises. Assumption swhich become the basis for mathematical model describing dynamics of flammable mixtures combustion in a volume taking into account their expiration are given. Design schemes for definition of loads on constructions in case of explosion of flammable mixtures in different volumes with various types of blast-relief panels (BRP) are given. Systems of equations determining the value and character of loads on enclosing structures using different types of inertial BRP are given. The program for solution of these systems on computer is made.

Fire hoses alongside with other fire equipment are one of the main types of it. The efficiency and success of fire brigades activities depends or its good condition. The use of hoses has requirements for the reliability of their work. The failure in this mode is the most dangerous, because the time to repair failures significantly increases the time required to extinguish the fire. It is well known that currently, more than 10 domestic and foreign manufacturers produce different sets of fire hoses. Therefore, the choice of a particular manufacturer of modern fire hoses, that minimize time for maintenance and prevention, from the hoses-analogues is very difficult for the specialist because of the lack of uniform criteria. Previously it was shown that for the choice of equipment the specialist can apply the integral indicator the mathematical expectation of damage from the loss of his health. We made the assumption that indicator of the relative common benefit can be used for justification of the choice set fire hoses. Moreover, the higher the value of this benefit, the more reliable and relatively effective is one or the other set. Because the worst result of fire is temporary incapacitation (or failure) of fire hoses with a subsequent slower rate of fire, damage from the specified failure will primarily depend on the mortality and severity of diseases associated with slowing of the rate of extinguishment (using the value of human life.). For testing we have selected the three most important characteristics of the four sets of hoses "Latexonly", "Armtex", "Getex", "Standard", manufactured according to State Standard 51049-2008. The results of the calculations show that the highest common benefit (compared with other hoses) has "Armtex". Although the purchase price of these hoses is lower than the most expensive hoses, and the total benefit is 7 % higher (the level of technogenic risk is also lower in 1.11 times than the cheap hoses - "Standard"). Therefore, the previously proposed approach to the assessment of reliability on example, of a hydraulic rescue tool (using risk indicators) can be used to determine the most reliable fire and rescue equipment, including fire hoses.