With adoption of technical regulations "About requirements of fire safety" in 2009 year a fire risk was installed as the most important indicator of a certain level of object security from fires. Also there were identified new activities in the field of the prevention from fire: expertise of project documentation, fire audit, development of fire safety declaration. These directions were related with calculations of fire risks on the objects. The existing methods of fire risks are difficult and time-consuming. Therefore it is safely possible to call the discussed subject actual. It was proposed to be classified all fire safety requirements according to requirements, the violation of which creates a threat to the life and health of people and requirements, the violation of which does not pose a threat to the life and health of people. And it is also desirable to develop and approve in the Emercom of Russia express-methods of fire risk assessment, understandable for people and has a direct dependence on the statistics of fires and the main factors of fire danger on objects, and on which technical staff security object could itself to calculate the fire risk, that is not as difficult as now. Maybe some concerned officials that affect such decisions, just don't want to admit to the calculation of fire risks representatives of objects, and therefore so long (over 3 years) "hold on" only two methods of determining the estimated values of fire risk, approved by the Emercom of Russia and approved for use? The complexity of the calculation of fire risks is including access to only a certain range persons, paid computer calculation programs. It is, after all, the business of the state. And you can call it a monopoly and brake business development and market economy.

The article presents experimental and numerical investigation results of droplets dispersion influence in the vapor-and-water flow on characteristics of their movement and evaporation in the combustion flame zone. High-performance computer systems, methods of high-speed video registration and also modern technical means on the basis of panoramic optical methods of multiphase flows diagnostic were used for the experimental researches. It is established that the systematic measurement errors of droplets sizes and velocities are no more than 1.5 and 2.1 %. Several characteristic modes of droplets coagulation at the movement through a flame are identified. The emergence reasons of each of the revealed modes are established and the corresponding images are presented. The typical videograms and velocity fields illustrating a turn of a vapor-droplet flow by a counter flow of high-temperature gases are shown. With use of numerical simulation methods the distributions of temperatures and concentration of combustion products in the vicinity of water droplets are received. As a result of experimental and numerical results comparison the parameter characterizing a condition of braking and the subsequent droplets ablation is received. It is shown that for a choice of water dispersion parameters in a flame zone it is expedient to use the developed theoretical models and experimental results.

The correlation of chemical structure and fire properties is studied in number of dichloroalkanes. It is shown, that for these compounds the carbon rule which allows to predict their physicochemical and fire properties well works. Empirical equations of calculation are offered for critical pressure (P_c (atm) = 47,739 ln(N_C)^0,5 + 92,31), heat of formation (H_f (kJ/mole) = - (20,639N_C + 74,83)), heat of com- ^-5,222 N_C² bustion (H_c (kJ/mole) = - (615,16N_C - 132,02)), critical temperature (r_c (K) = 0,155 N³ - 5,222NC + + 66,062N_C + 449,3), boiling point (BP (K) = 0,105 N_C³ -3,588 N_C² + 53,726N_C + 262,6), flashpoint (FP (K) = 16,663N_C + 250,5, FP (°C) = 0,848t_b - 92,2), lower and upper flammability limit temperatures (LFLT(K) = 0,822 N_C² + 25,35N_C + 231,5, UFLT(K) = -1,086LFLT(K) + 16,9). N_c is number of carbon atoms for normal dichloroalkanes, and it is the conditional carbon chain for isomeric compounds. Earlier unknown physicochemical and fire-dangerous properties are defined for some dichloroalkanes.

According to requirements of aviation norms, tests for definition characteristics of flammability under the influence of open flame samples of materials for all used thickness are subject. For the purpose of tests volume reduction, foreign researchers have makes the decision that "Data from testing a thinner construction substantiates a thicker construction made ofthe same materials". Researches on influence of sample thickness of polymeric composite materials and core panels on their basis on flammability characteristics (burn-out length, duration of residual independent burning) according to requirements of aviation norms are conducted. In this article the characteristics of flammability for different types polymeric materials of aviation assignment (glass-, organ- and carbon reinforced plastics, core panels) were analyzed. The obtained experimental data show that the accepted assumption is carried out for burn-out length, but not always operates for the characteristic of duration of residual burning. It is offered at performance of qualification tests on flammability to use the standard number of thickness similar to applied at definition the smoke and heat release characteristics.

Parameter of medium pressure P^cp is required, for example, to estimate the mass of natural gas involved in the formation of a fiery torch in case of emergency destruction of the main pipeline. However, the methodology for a systematic calculation of this parameter in the current methodological and normative documents, the author has not found. Despite the apparent simplicity of the problem, the analysis has shown that the parameter P^cp depends primarily on the performance Q_TU of pipeline, the pressure P_H at the beginning of the emergency area and the pressure P₀ at the point of the destruction of the pipeline, which in turn are determined by the dependencies from the pressure P_K in the end of emergency site, the relationship of the lengths L₁/L emergency areas, inner diameter d_BH of the pipeline, it's the roughness k₀, the hydraulic resistance coefficient X, the gas flow velocity w, it's the density in the working p in the normal p_H and in the standard conditions p_c, and more than twenty parameters characterizing the state of a gas in terms of its transport and depressurization of the pipeline. In some cases there is no justification of the calculated transitions, for example, to calculate the final pressure Р_к2 gas at the second site crash in the presence of data for the initial pressure P_h1 first site crash. Calculations of these parameters regulated in several normative documents, which introduces uncertainty in the choice of the calculation scheme and is accompanied by the production of different calculation results. Calculations of other parameters recommended by the standard methods are complex, three-dimensional routine, require access to specialized software products that are not available in the current engineering activities. The subjects of this article are refinement of these problems, the rationale for the recommended design solutions and adapting them in a simple, systematic methodology for calculating the average pressure at different sections of the main pipeline.

The most fire dangerous in the chemical industry is connected with the chemical reactors. Chemical reagents leaking from chemical reactor can cause fire or explosion. Therefore, mixers rotating shafts of chemical reactors sealing is an important task. Mechanical seals used for this purpose operate with the leakages that decrease fire and explosion safety. Magnetic fluid seals have absolute leak tightness, low friction torque, no wear, long service life and ease of maintenance. Chemical reactors seals should operate reliably when exposed to corrosive environments, high temperature (up to 400 °C), about 1 mm axial and radial shaft runouts. The results of the research showed that the magnetic nanofluid type F1-20 (based on the organofluorine liquid) is resistant not only to the hexane, chloroform, toluene, acetone, ethyl acetate, but such potent solvents as N,N-dimethylformamide and tetra-hydrofuran. Also, magnetic nanofluid type F1-20 successfully passed the temperature test for 300 hours at 150 °C. To limit the aggressive environment influence on magnetic fluid seal parts the seal with a protective element in the form of a reverse type hydraulic valve has been designed. It is proposed to install magnetic fluid seal in special rubber bushings to compensate shaft runout. Designed special magnetic system allows to isolate the permanent magnet from the aggressive environment. Special magnetic system also permits to regulate magnetic induction in the seal air gap to obtain optimal performances and the magnetic fluid durability. The investigations allowed us to develop new design of magnetic fluid seals for mixers shafts 95 and 110 mm diameter of chemical reactors 6 and 10 m³. Designed seals were made and installed on chemical reactors of paint production company "Lakokraska" (Yaroslavl). Installed magnetic fluid seals eliminated reactants leakages and as a consequence increased fire and explosion safety of the production.

Ensuring the fire and blowout safety for oil and gas wells is currently a central task while hydrocarbons field development. It is particularly important during new oil and gas reserves exploration in remote areas in severe climate (arctic) conditions. In this case in the absence of reliable geological data of exploration objects the problem of blowout safety becomes very significant not only during the drilling process but also during the tests of all available formations. In the article the reasons of frequent blowouts and open burning blowout liquidation techniques with the use of present-day technical equipment applied on a real blowing well are considered. Initially on the burning wellhead the operation of cutting and taking to pieces of drilling rig metal construction was made with the help of mobile laser technological system. In the fire flame by means of laser cutting the base for shut-off valves targeting was prepared. After that, on the burning wellhead the shutdown assembly was applied with the help of the wire system; due to this assembly the burning flame was removed from the wellhead on a safe altitude. Further the well control equipment was installed on the wellhead under the burning flame, the well was killed and the fire was put out.

By measuring instruments there are increased requirements in terms of accuracy of measurements, performance devices, increase their reliability, reduce weight and dimensions, power saving. The principles of operation of the bulk of instrumentation are based on the work of the primary converters. Thermomagnetic sensor consists of two sensing elements and the magnetic system. The sensing element is a spiral of 5-6 turns of wire with a thickness of 10-12 microns in a thermally fused shell of 1.0-1.5 mm. Such a sensor has a small size, which allows them to be installed in any location of the magnetic system. Sensing elements should be placed in locations where the product HdH/ds maximum. Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of temperature and pressure of nitrogen-oxygen mixture to the testimony of the thermomagnetic sensor at a supply voltage of 5 V. The temperature of the gas mixture was varied in the range from minus 30 to 30 °C in steps of 10 °C with the camera heat-cold KTKh-74. It was found analytical formula f = y (x), which approximates the experimental (tabular) dependence using the first-degree polynomial y (x) =kx + b. Results of experimental studies give reason to believe that the thermomagnetic sensor is the most promising for the analysis of a wide range of oxygen at high temperature and pressure of the gas mixture and outperforms known examples of sensors for oxygen. Using as a sensing element microspiral of cast microwire can significantly improve the performance of the thermomagnetic analyzers.

Fire extinguishing efficiency of low expansion foam based on aqueous solutions of sodium alkyl sulfates is investigated. Superficial activity of aqueous solutions of foaming agents on the border with heptane are researched and on the basis of these measurements it were calculated spreading coefficients of water solution on a heptane and a heptane on the solution. It is shown that the behavior of the foam received from solutions of alkyl sulfates in contact with burning heptane is considerably differs. It is established that fire extinguishing efficiency of homologs among sodium alkyl sulfates correlates with superficial activity of solutions of these SAS (surface-active substances) on a border with heptane and air.