Introduction. The application of fire protection products at oil and gas enterprises located in the Arctic region requires a special approach to the assessment of their fire-retardant efficiency. First of all, it is necessary to conduct the tests under conditions of a hydrocarbon temperature regime, the probability of development of which is very high at oil and gas storage and processing facilities. The hydrocarbon fire regime is characterized by a sharp temperature rise (within 5 minutes the temperature can reach 1,100 °C) and the occurrence of overpressure.

The purpose of the research is the choice of a flame-retardant thermally expanding coating for the possibility of application at the objects of oil and gas industry in the Arctic zone. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

• testing flame-retardant effectiveness of thermally expanding materials based on water dispersion, acrylic, epoxy and silicone binder;
• comparative analysis of flame retardant properties of studied intumescent compositions.

Methodology. In accordance with GOST 1363-2–2014 and GOST 53295–2009, tests for fire-retardant efficiency under hydrocarbon temperature conditions were carried out. The research was carried out on the universal installation for testing the fire-retardant efficiency of fire protection means and fire resistance of building structures and filling openings, certified both for the standard temperature regime according to GOST 30.247.0–94 and for the hydrocarbon temperature regime according to GOST R EN 1363-2–2014.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, the values of reaching the critical temperature (500 °C) by the samples with fire-resistant coatings applied to them were obtained.

Conclusions. Based on experimental studies, a comparative analysis of the flame retardant properties of intumescent compositions was carried out. The conclusion is made about the priority choice of flame-retardant thermo-expanding compositions based on epoxy resins for industrial facilities located in the Arctic region.

Introduction. During the engineering design, the required fire resistance limits are assigned to structural elements in accordance with current regulatory documents. However, carrying out full-scale fire tests to confirm the required fire resistance limit for each version of the designed structure is economically inexpedient, as fire tests are a labour-intensive and expensive process. Software modelling of fire effects on structures is a complex and time-consuming task, based on fundamental physical laws of heat engineering and solid mechanics.

Goals. Analysis of software complexes and determination of their functional capabilities for modelling and performing interdisciplinary analysis in order to choose the most suitable one for calculations of structures and their assemblies under fire conditions.

Tasks. Analysis of the basic principles of fundamental physical laws and their representation in the finite element method, analysis of the reliability of the calculation results of each of their calculation complexes, recommendations on the choice of a software complex used in the calculation of structures during a fire.

Analytical part. During software packages analysis, the following issues were considered: the physical laws embedded in the calculation model of the structure operation during and after fire exposure, their interpretation in the finite element method, analysis of the most common software available on the market and designed to solve problems related to solid mechanics and heat engineering. Evaluation criteria for software packages were formulated and the results were summarized in a comparative table. The choice of the most suitable software is made on the results of the comparative table. The functional capabilities of the software systems were analyzed and a typical static problem for calculation in each of the PCs was formulated.

Conclusions. The comparative analysis of software complexes showed that for solving problems related to the impact on building structures of high temperatures during a fire, the most suitable software complex is ANSYS. It allows modelling and combining both static and thermal effects.

Introduction. The implementation of fire safety measures is one of the main tasks of decision makers (DM). Their activities are supported by automated fire and explosion safety systems (AFES), whose software subsystems are now increasingly incorporating digital twins. Their use allows modelling of various, including pre-fire, situations. The DM should always take into account the influence of their actions of the AFES personnel on their development when carrying out the appropriate set of measures. However, the supplied versions of digital twins do not contain the required calculations, which makes it necessary to fill in such gaps. The article is devoted to calculations of the human factor influence assessment on the implementation of the complexes of industrial safety measures and reasonable tolerances for their adjustment.

Methods. To solve this problem, the article analyzes hierarchies, which allows to define in more detail the structure of decisions made by the DM in the field of fire safety. Two variants of structural organization of objects are chosen, each of which represents a tree with a different number of leaves and branches. Structural schemes of objects allow to formulate types of tasks and directions for formation of complexes of measures to ensure fire safety. Complexes of measures for specific areas of fuel and energy complex facilities are formed by the DM in the course of further specification of their structure.

Calculations. Calculation of regulated and real time of performance of complexes of measures of fire safety of a separate site of the object of fuel and energy complex is carried out on the basis of estimated times for each of the measures in the complex. On the basis of the obtained values, the integral degree of their completion is determined.

Results. The total time of events should be determined either through data on the development of dangerous situations over several years, or by modelling in digital twins.

Conclusions. Inclusion of calculations of integral degree of completeness of complexes of measures to ensure fire safety in the subsystems of software, information and mathematical support of the AFES will give the DM the possibility to react more quickly to the occurrence of dangerous situations.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is a theoretical study in the form of review and analysis of current limitations and possibilities of application of modern information technologies in the sphere of construction industry to increase the level of fire safety of capital construction objects.

Objectives of the study:

• review and analysis of foreign and domestic research in the field of application of modern information technolo­gies in the field of construction and fire engineering;
• identification of current issues and possibilities of application the information technologies under consideration for fire safety tasks;
• description of a possible algorithm of realization of the scenario of BIM application for the purposes of assessment of design solutions for fire safety.

The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the limited experience of application of the developing information technologies considered in the article in the construction industry in Russia to solve fire engineering problems.

Current state of digitalization. The review of the study of the American organization “Society of Fire Protection Engineers”, which examined the issues and prospects of development of the sphere of fire safety, taking into account the current universal digitalization, is carried out. Modern technologies used in the field of construction and opera­tion, which can be used to solve fire safety problems, are described. The variants of application of building information modelling technology, a “digital twin” of the capital construction object and the Internet of Things to solve fire safety problems are presented.

Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to identify the current issues and prospects of application of modern information technologies to improve the safety of capital construction objects. The identified issues can be used to develop theoretical and practical research on the considered subject.

Introduction. Lack of properties of modern technical oils does not allow calculating the time of blocking of evacua­tion routes in the premises where they are located. It can lead to serious underestimation of fire danger of objects. Therefore, the task of determining the fire hazard properties of modern technical oils is urgent.

Goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is the experimental determination of fire-hazard indicators of modern technical oils used at hydraulic plants and Gazpromneft enterprises.

In order to achieve the goal, the experimental research of samples of the above mentioned oils was carried out to determine their fire-hazard characteristics.

Methods. The experimental method of studying of fire hazardous properties of substances and materials in a small-scale experimental unit, as well as the standard test method for determining the smoke formation coefficient in accordance with GOST 12.1.044–89 was used. The obtained results were analyzed.

Results and discussion. Technical oils of the “Mobil DTE 10 EXCEL 68”, “Mobil DTE OIL PM 150” and “Gazpromneft PM-220” brands were tested.

Experimental dependences of specific mass burnout rate, specific coefficients of formation of carbon monoxide and dioxide, cyanogenic hydrogen, specific coefficient of oxygen consumption, as well as smoke generating ability on time from the beginning of the tests were obtained.

It was found that the initial mass of the sample significantly affects the value of mass burnout rate.

The obtained characteristics of the oil combustion process were compared with the data given in the existing database of combustible load. It is shown that the mass burnout rate of the tested oils is significantly less than corresponding value for the oils given in the database.

Conclusion. Specific coefficients of hydrogen cyanide formation obtained for the first time, as well as other experimental data, can be used for calculation of the time of blocking of evacuation routes in production premises where technical oils are located.

Introduction. The options and features of solving the actual problem of preventing explosive loss of integrity of concrete and ensuring the required fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures (RCS) through the use of polypropylene microfibre (PPMF) in concrete or structural fire protection products are considered.

Goal and objectives. Justification of the choice of effective methods to prevent explosive loss of concrete integrity and ensure the given fire resistance of structures. Organization and carrying out of fire tests of reinforced concrete columns and floor slabs under load in the presence and absence of PPMF in the concrete composition, as well as with the use of structural fire protection. Analysis of the results and variants of their practical use.

Methods. The fire resistance of columns and slabs was assessed by testing specimens under load in a fired furnace with additional thermocouple measurements. It was carried out using approved simple methods and programmes for calculating temperature fields in structures. The procedure for determining the thermophysical characteristics of structural fire protection materials in the operating temperature range was proposed.

Results. The results of unique fire experiments of load-bearing columns and slabs are presented and summarized. The effectiveness of the use of PPMF is demonstrated, as well as the role of fire protection preventing loss of integrity in structures and increasing their fire resistance and fire protection under standard and hydrocarbon exposure. Examples of the effective use of structural fire protection in the form of “PROZASK Firepanel” slabs and “IGNIS LIGHT” plaster are presented to ensure high fire resistance limits of concrete. In the course of a new series of reinforced concrete slabs tests, for the first time carried out under hydrocarbon mode of exposure, it was found that when using PPMF, the time of reaching the limit state of specimens exceeds 120 minutes, and when using structural fire protection — 240 minutes. The possibility of recalculation (including reduction) of fire protection thicknesses used in the test is shown. This is substantiated by thermal engineering calculations, for which it is provided to obtain new data on the thermophysical characteristics of fire protection materials in the operating temperature range.

Conclusions. The methodology of complex researches is proposed, a considerable volume of unique fire and other experiments with thermotechnical analysis of their results is carried out. A considerable amount of important information necessary to prevent explosive failure and ensure the specified fire resistance of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures was obtained. Recommendations for further experimental and theoretical studies are presented. The use of the obtained results in the design of reinforced concrete structures, means of their fire protection, as well as in the adjustment of normative documents on reinforced concrete structures are presented.

Introduction. The relevance of the present publication is caused by the fact that during the development of constructive decisions of safety locking devices (SLD) designers often use elements and materials, which are fundamentally not applicable for these purposes. The peculiarities of safety structures (SS) and light removable structures (LRS) used in buildings and premises where internal emergency explosion is possible are analyzed. The results of experimental studies on testing the performance of real structures are given.

Objective. Determination of the possibility of SS and LRS application at explosive objects, as well as restrictions on their fastening elements and used materials.

Materials and methods. Studies of LRS fixed by SLD were carried out by means of their tests on the impact of internal emergency explosion and on resistance to mechanical and wind loads (according to GOST 26602.5). Explosion tests were carried out in a cubic chamber using a propane-air mixture of stoichiometric composition. Overpressure sensors recorded explosive pressure. Video recording of the explosion process was done by speed cameras.

Results. The features of safety structures used to reduce the pressure generated by internal accidental explosions were analyzed. Explosive pressure oscillograms were constructed and analyzed based on the test results. It is shown that the use of static (wind or mechanical) loads instead of explosive loads in SS performance testing can lead to significant distortion of test results. It is experimentally established that testing of specimens of safety structures for their serviceability should be carried out only by modelling of explosive load.

Conclusions. Substitution of explosive loads for static loads during SS testing may lead to their failure in case of emergency explosion in real conditions, which may result in collapse of building structures and human casualties. Thus, testing of specimens of safety structures for their operability should be carried out only by modelling of explosive load.

Statistical data reflecting the state of electric vehicles charging infrastructure in Russia are presented. The main differences between the types of charging stations are shown. The analysis of current regulatory documents on ensuring fire safety of charging stations and parking places for electric vehicles is made. The requirements of foreign regulatory documents on the organization of safe storage of electric vehicles and places of their recharging are considered. Examples of realization of systems of early detection and fire extinguishing involving an electric car are given.