Using compatibility charts to optimize research into fire retardants

Introduction. Interdisciplinary research is a most relevant issue in science and education. The integration of intellectual resources with research and production infrastructure is acknowledged as the main goal of interdisciplinary research in the international practice.
The main (analytical) part. The authors propose the following methodological approach to the study, based on the distribution of interdisciplinary methods into groups by the scale of the research subject (material). In this case, the studies have the following levels: microlevel, supramolecular level, material research, design research. The paper presents research methods used at each of these levels. The co-authors propose to optimize the study of performance characteristics of building materials and fire retardants through the use of a compatibility chart with regard for the study levels and the analysis of methods of experimental research at each level.
Using a compatibility chart. The methodology of the study. A research into the fire retardant efficiency of esters of phosphoric acid, used to modify wood, was selected as a practical example for compatibility diagrams. The project encompasses a number of methods applicable to compatibility charts: the method of elemental analysis, the Gibbs energy assessment method, the sample surface assessment method, the electron microscopy method, methods of assessing fire-hazardous characteristics of wood, the water sorption method, strength and biosecurity assessment methods.
Conclusions. The co-authors first proposed an algorithm for generalizing the empirical data on mechanochemical characteristics of materials using interdisciplinary methods in the form of a compatibility chart. This methodology optimizes research into any composite materials though it preserves targeted research methods and eliminates impractical and concomitant experimental studies, thus, reducing labour costs and environmental impacts.

1. Gevel E.V., Mainicheva A.Yu., Myglan V.S. Problems of preservation of monuments of wooden architecture in the town of Yeniseisk: a role of interdisciplinary research. Balandin Reading. 2016; 11(1):83-89. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27238485 (rus).

2. Shirina E.W., Kryukov K.M. BIM-technology in interdisciplinary research of technical and humanities. Current problems of science and technology 2020: Materials of the National Scientific and Practical Conference. Rostov-on-Don, March 25-27, 2020. Rostov-on-Don, 2020:1300-1301. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44086434 (rus).

3. Makovei V.A. Directions for the development of fire retardant materials, products and designs, fire retardants and materials. Emergencies: Industrial and Environmental Safety. 2016; 1:6-13. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25953543 (rus).

4. Smelkov G.I., Ryabiko A.I., Pekhotintsev V.A., Gruzinova O.I., Darmina N.M. To the question of updating the regulatory framework on the means of fire protection cables. Modern fire-safe materials and technologies : the collection of materials IV of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Ivanovo, 2020:400-402. (rus).

5. Kropotova N.A. Fire protection of metal structures of fast-building buildings. Roitman readings : 8th Scientific and Practical Conference Collection. Moscow, 2020:65-70. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42880349 (rus).

6. Yew M.C., Ramli Sulong N.H., Yew M.K., Amalina M.A., Johan M.R. Influences of flame-retardant fillers on fire protection and mechanical properties of intumescent coatings. Progress in organic coatings. 2015; 78:59-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.10.006

7. Nemtsov I.V. Fire protection in construction. Science of the XXI century: the experience of the past — a look into the future. 2015:103-108.

8. Deyneko V.A., Zybin A.O., Toropchina T.Yu. Comparative study of fire-retardant indicators of flame retardant impregnations for cellulosic materials. Science Week SPBPU : Proceedings of a Scientific Conference with International Participation. November 19-24, 2018. Saint Petersburg, POLYTECH-PRESS Publ., 2018; 84-87. (rus).

9. Roitman V.M. Engineering solutions to assess the fire resistance of projected and reconstructed buildings. Moscow, Pozhnauka Publ., 2001; 382. (rus).

10. Danilov V.E., Ayzenshtadt A.M., Makhova T.A., Frolova M.A. Determination of size properties of the organomineral insulation nanofiller based on the wood matrix. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publ., 2016. Vol. 177. P. 012063. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/177/1/012063

11. Rudenko B.D., Plotnikov S.M. Study of the process of structure formation artificial building conglomerates based on wood particles. Raleigh, Open Science Publishing, 2017; 195. (rus).

12. Rudenko B.D., Plotnikov S.M. Formation of structure of cement-wood composite the Limingwoodfiller. Actual problems of the forestry complex. 2012; 34:82-84. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22573951 (rus).

13. Pokrovskaya E.N. Fire protection of wooden constructions by modifying the thin surface layer. Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination. 2018; 2:86-90. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35333318 (rus).

14. Anokhin E.A., Polischuk E.Yu., Savinkov A.B. Use of fire-retardant impregnating compositions for reducing fire hazard of wooden structures of various lifetimes. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety. 2017; 26(2):22-35. DOI: 10.18322/PVB.2017.26.02.22-35 (rus).

15. Pokrovskaya E.N. Survey of the designs of wooden architectural monuments. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publ., 2020; 728:012003. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/728/1/012003

16. Pokrovskaya E.N. Increase of fire protection and strength of wooden structures by modification in a thin surface layer by nanodispersion composites. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1425:012091. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1425/1/012091

17. Tutygin A.S., Shinkaruk A.A., Aisenstadt A.M., Frolova M.F., Pospelova T.A. Ways to increase and monitor bearing capacity of soils. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Ecology and Safety. 2013; 7(1): 37-45.

18. Eisenstadt A.M. Thermodynamic optimization of the composition of nanocomposite rocks. Innovative Materials and Technologies for Construction in Extreme Climatic Conditions : materials of the 1st All-Russian scientific and technical conference with international participation. Arkhangelsk, December 02–04, 2014. Arkhangelsk, 2014; 244. (rus).

19. Ruthven D.M. Principles of adsorption and adsorption processes. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1984; 443.

20. Keltsev N.V. Basics of adsorption technique. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1984; 592. (rus).