Development of a flame retardant hard sprayed polyurethane foam and the study of its physicochemical, fire retardant and fire extinguishing properties

Introduction. Burning suppression and prevention in cable shafts, electrical installations, fires of Classes A and B, requires fire resistance materials, which have the ability to fill space with any form. For obtain material, appropriate these requirements, the composition of the sprayed polyurethane foam was developed and its operational, physic and chemical, fire retardant and fire extinguishing properties were studied.
Purpose and tasks. Development the recipe of a slow-burning sprayed hard polyurethane foam, study the mechanism and synergy the fire retardant action of N–P–Cl-containing flame retardants.
Materials and methods. The objects of study were components A and B for production the polyurethane foam brand of Izolan-125, N–P–Cl-containing flame retardants and polyurethane compositions based on them. The study of fire retardant, fire extinguishing, physical and chemical properties of polyurethane foam compositions and products of their thermolysis was carried out using regulate Standard testing methods, scanning electron microscopy, thermal and chemical analyzes.
Results and discussion. A flame resistant hard sprayed polyurethane foam, possessing fire protecting and fire ­extinguishing properties was been developed. The operational, physicochemical, fire protecting, and fire extin­guishing properties of the nonflammable porous material were investigated. A comparative quantitative chemical analysis the residual content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the heat-treated products of the initial and flame ­protected polyurethane foam, heated in the temperature range 200–500 °С, realizing during combustion in the pre-flame zone of the condensed phase, was carried out. The minimal concentrations of nitrogen-, halogen- and phosphorus-containing combustion retardants, required to achieve flame protective properties in the testing material were determined.
Conclusion. The recipe of composition the nonflammable sprayed hard polyurethane foam was developed. The mechanism and synergism of action the N–P–Cl-containing combustion retardants was established, which consists in the inhibition of radical processes by volatile nitrogen- and halogencontaining products in the gas ­phase, while phosphorus-containing products mainly participate in the formation of durable thermally insulating organic-mineral structures in the condensed phase. The prospects of using the slow-burning polyurethane foam for the prevention and suppression fires of classes A and B, also electrical installations under voltage was shown.

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