MODEL OF DEVICE FOR STORAGE OF EXCESS HEAT AND FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF EXHAUST GASES OF FIRE TRUCK USED IN ARCTIC ZONE

There are two actual technical tasks for the engines of the fire trucks which are used in the Arctic zone. The first one is the utilization of heat and the second one is the increase of the efficiency of catalytic neutralization of the exhaust pollutants. The device combining catalytic converter (CC) and mineral heat storage system (MHSS) elaborated for fire trucks may help to solve such problems. The device is supposed to be built in the exhaust system of the engine of the fire truck instead of the noise muffler. It allows to storage the thermal energy of the exhaust gas with the use of heat-retaining substance when the engine operates at full capacity, and to deliver the heat back to the catalytic converter when the engine of the fire truck operates at idling mode. The reverse heat delivery allows maintaining the optimum temperature for the effective catalytic neutralization of exhaust pollutants. The process of the excess heat taking, when the engine operates at a forced mode, may contribute to the increase of the operational life and to the decrease of the risk of inflammation of the engine. Physically and mathematically this process may be described with the use of the thermal balance methodical approach. At the same time, the exothermic process of neutralization may be formalized using the classical Arrhenius kinetics approach, which we previously adjusted for the block-designed catalytic converters. The validity of the mathematical model is confirmed with the test of the fire truck AC 4-40 (43202) equipped with the engine KamAZ-740/10 (8CN 12/12). The experiments have shown that the efficiency of the catalyst at idling operation may be increased from 4 to 74 % with respect to the CH neutralization and from 10 to 86 % in respect to the CO neutralization. The results of calculations have confirmed that the use of the elaborated salt heat storage system with the heatexchange surface 1.58 m² and the length 400 mm, which can be easily built in the exhaust system of the fire truck instead of the noise muffler, allows to solve the problem of the utilization of the excess heat and the increase of efficiency of catalytic neutralization of the exhaust pollutants of the engines of the fire trucks used in the Arctic zone.

пожарный автомобиль, дизельный двигатель, отработавшие газы, тепловой аккумулятор фазового перехода, каталитический нейтрализатор, физико-химический процесс, математическая модель, эксперимент, расчет, экологический эффект, fire truck, diesel engine, exhaust gases, mineral heat storage system, catalytic converter, physical-chemical process, mathematical model, experiment, calculations, environmental effect

1. Основы государственной политики РФ в Арктике на период до 2012 года и дальнейшую перспективу : утв. ПрезидентомРФ18.09.2008№Пр-1969. URL: http:__www.consultant.ru (дата обращения: 10.05.2016).

2. О долгосрочных перспективах развития системы МЧС России (МЧС-2030) : доклад Министра РФ по делам ГО и ЧС В. А. Пучкова 30.10.2012 на заседании Экспертного совета МЧС России. URL: http:__www.region-60.ru_novosti_zhizn_6556029 (дата обращения: 10.05.2016).

3. Ziv A., Berkowicz R., Genikhovich E., Palmgren F., Yakovleva E. Analysis of the St. Petersburg traffic data using the OSPM model __ Water, Air and Soil Pollution: Focus.-2002.-Vol. 2, Issue 5_6.- P. 297-310. DOI: 10.1023_a:1021395620214.

4. Lozhkin V. N., Lozhkina O. V., Ushakov A. Using K-theory in geographic information investigations of critical-level pollution of atmosphere in the vicinity of motor roads __ World Applied Sciences Journal. -2013. -Vol. 23. -P. 96-100. DOI: 10.5829_idosi.wasj.2013.23.pac.90020.

5. Lozhkina O. V., Lozhkin V. N. Estimation of nitrogen oxides emissions from petrol and diesel passenger cars by means of on-board monitoring: Effect of vehicle speed, vehicle technology, engine type on emission rates __ Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.-2016.-Vol. 47.- P. 251-264. DOI: 10.1016_j.trd.2016.06.008.

6. Lozhkina O. V., Lozhkin V. N. Estimation of road transport related air pollution in Saint Petersburg using European and Russian calculation models __ Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2015.-Vol. 36. -P. 178-189. DOI: 10.1016_j.trd.2015.02.013.

7. Coelho M. C., Fontes T., Bandeira J. M., Pereira S. R., Tchepel O., Dias D., Sб E., Amorim J. H., Borrego C. Assessment of potential improvements on regional air quality modelling related with implementation of a detailed methodology for traffic emission estimation __ Science of the Total Environment.-2014.-Vol. 470-471.-Р. 127-137. DOI: 10.1016_j.scitotenv.2013.09.042.

8. Lozhkin V. N., Lozhkina O. V. Environment safety management of urban road transport.-Saarbrucken, DU : LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH and Co., 2011.-195 p.

9. Cook R., Touma J. S., Fernandez A., Brzezinski D., Bailey C., Scarbro C., Thurman J., Strum M., Ensley D., Baldauf R. Impact of underestimating the effects of cold temperature on motor vehicle start emissions of air toxics in the United States __ Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association.-2007. -Vol. 57, Issue 12. -P. 1469-1479. DOI: 10.3155_1047-3289.57.12.1469.

10. Weilenmann M., Favez J.-Y., Alvarez R. Cold-start emissions of modern passenger cars at different low ambient temperatures and their evolution over vehicle legislation categories __ Atmospheric Environment. -2009.-Vol. 43, Issue 15. -Р. 2419-2429. DOI: 10.1016_j.atmosenv.2009.02.005.

11. De Blasiis M. R., Prete M. Di, Guattari C., Veraldi V., Chiatti G., Palmieri F. Investigating the influence of highway traffic flow condition on pollutant emissions using driving simulators __ Air Pollution XXI: Ecology and the Environment _ Longhurst J. W. S., Brebbia C. A. (eds.). - 2013. - Vol. 174. - P. 171-181. DOI: 10.2495_air130151.

12. Boulter P. G. Environmental traffic management: A review of factors affecting cold-start emissions. TRL Report 270.-Crowthorne : Transport Research Laboratory, 2007. -60 p.

13. Gkatzoflias D., Kouridis C., Ntziachristos L., Samaras Z. COPERT 5. Computer program to calculate emissions from road transport-User Manual (version 5.0). Published by European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC-ACC), 2016.

14. HammarstrьmU., Edwards H. Cold Start (Draft).-Linkцping : Swedish National Road and Research Institute (VTT), 1997.

15. Reiter M. S., Kockelman K. M. The problem of cold starts: A closer look at mobile source emissions levels __ Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - 2016. - Vol. 43. - P. 123-132. DOI: 10.1016_j.trd.2015.12.012.

16. Kim S. R., Dominici F., Buckley T. J. Concentrations of vehicle-related air pollutants in an urban parking garage __ Environmental Research.-2007.-Vol. 105, Issue 3.-P. 291-299. DOI: 10.1016_j.envres. 2007.05.019.

17. Патент РФ 2204027 С1.МКИ7F 01N3_00. Каталитический нейтрализатор _ В. Н. Ложкин, В. В. Шульгин, С. Д. Гулин, Г. М. Золотарев (РФ). - № 2001129630_06; заявл. 01.11.2001; опубл. 10.05.2003, Бюл. № 13.

18. Ложкин В. Н., Шульгин В. В. Теория и практика применения тепловых аккумуляторов фазового перехода для улучшения экологических и топливно-экономических показателей автотранспортных средств __ Вопросы охраны атмосферы от загрязнения : информ. бюл. № 2 (22). - СПб. : НПК “Атмосфера” при ГГО им А. И. Воейкова, 2000. -С. 40-53.

19. Сорокин А. А. Система предпусковой тепловой подготовки двигателей строительных и дорожных машин в условиях отрицательных температур окружающей среды при возведении военностроительных комплексов : дис.…канд. техн. наук _ Воен. инж.-строит. ин-т.-СПб., 1994.-158 с.

20. Саватеев А. И. Модификация систем выпуска отработавших газов пожарных автомобилей разогреваемыми каталитическими конверторами : автореф. дис.…канд. техн. наук _ СПб. ун-тМВД России. -СПб., 2002.-25 с.