Dynamic mechanical properties of plasticized polyvinylchloride composites filled with silicates

Introduction. Plasticized compositions based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are used in virtually all sectors of the eco­nomy and are most often filled with silicates. A promising PVC filler is also wollastonite, whose needle-shaped
particles provide its reinforcing effect. The performance properties of composite polymer materials directly depend on their relaxation properties.

The aim. To study the dependence of molecular mobility of chains in PVC composites on their phase composition and structure of filler-silicates to reveal the relationship between relaxation and performance properties of poly­mer composites.

Materials and methods. In the current work, plasticized PVC compositions on the base of emulsion PVC, plasticizer EDOS, conventional fillers micro marble and Aerosil, and modifiers on the base of rice husk ash were filled. Dynamic mechanical method was used for the research as well as standard methods for assessing pores’ volume and size of applied fillers.

Results and discussion. The results of study showed that for both basic PVC composition and modified by silicon dioxide derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and synthetic wollastonite (SW) on its base, one maximum is observed corresponding to transition from glassy to highly elastic state. Regardless of the filler’s type, the shift of the relaxation transition occurs in the area of more elevated temperatures that correlates to the data on glass transition temperature of the polymer. The most prominent effect is provided by wollastonite with the developed crystalline structure, lowering the intensity of mechanical loss angle tangent in the region of the main maximum. The industrial filler Aerosil reduces the value of dynamic modulus of PVC compositions.

Conclusions. It was stated that treatment of rice husk ash surface with quaternary ammonium salts leads to lowering the glass transition temperature of PVC compositions due to decrease in ash porosity at activation. When the composition is filled with activated RHA, the width of the maximum of the tangent angle maximum of mechanical losses is reduced that demonstrates an increase in homogeneity of the modified material.

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