Fire-retardant compositions for wood

Introduction. In recent years, the popularity of wood and composites based on it as building materials has been steadily increasing due to their availability and ease of further processing. According to Rosstat data, in 2020, record figures for the construction of houses from wood were reached, amounting to 9.35 million m2. However, wood is highly flammable, which severely limits its use in construction and other applications. Therefore, research on its fire protection is relevant.

Aims and objectives. To investigate the fire-retardant efficiency of the developed nitrogen-phosphorus-containing fire-retardant compositions (FRC) for wood obtained by chemical degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste with and without aliphatic amines.

In order to achieve the objective, the following tasks were defined:

1. To obtain fire-retardant compositions for wood based on nitrogen-containing degradation products of polyethylene terephthalate with di- and polyamines and without the presence of PET.

2. To study the fire-retardant efficiency of the newly obtained fire-retardant compositions for wood.

3. To compare the fire-retardant effectiveness of fire-retardant compositions obtained with and without the use of polyethylene terephthalate.

Methods. The objects of the study were fire-retardant compositions for wood based on aminolysis products of polyethylene terephthalate by aliphatic amines. The method consisted in determining the mass loss of a wood specimen and the time of independent combustion when it was tested in the “Ceramic Tube” unit.

Result and Discussion. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the obtained fire-retardant compositions based on the products of chemical destruction of polyethylene terephthalate at the consumption of more than 160 g/m2 belong to the first group of fire protection efficiency.

Conclusions. The developed fire-retardant compositions for wood on the basis of products of chemical destruction of polyethylene terephthalate waste have high fire-retardant efficiency. It is most expedient to use the composition based on PET – PEPA as FR for wood. It is established that the developed composition belongs to the first group of fire protection efficiency.

1. Albert Ch.M., Liew K.Ch. Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites : a 10-year review from 2012 to 2021. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts. 2024; 9(1):27-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2023.10.004

2. Gazizov A.M., Akhmarov R.G., Abdrakhmanova A.I. Justification and selection of components of fire protection composition for wood. Electronic scientific journal “Oil and Gas Business”. 2022; 5:5-20. DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-­­­2022-5-5-20 (rus).

3. Safin R.R., Girfanov A.A., Safina A.V. Investigation of fire-retardant effectiveness of wooden structures during various periods of operation. Systems. Methods. Technologies. 2023; 2(58):107-112. DOI: 10.18324/2077-5415-2023-2-107-112 (rus).

4. Troitzsch J.H. Fire performance durability of flame retardants in polymers and coatings. Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.05.002

5. Rudzīte S., Bukšāns E. Impact of high-pressure impregnation and fire protective coatings on the reaction to fire performance of birch plywood. Rural Sustainability Research. 2021; 45(340):65-75. DOI: 10.2478/plua-2021-0008

6. Fedotov I.O., Sivenkov A.B., Islyabmek D.B., Naganovskiy Yu.K. Thermal-destructive transformations of wood in the presence of flame retardants of various fire protection mechanisms. Polymer materials of low flammability : collection of materials of the XI International Conference / ed. M.A. Vaniyev, A.B. Sivenkov. 2023; 142-146 (rus).

7. Zhang Yingnan, Jing Mingju, Zhang Muchen, Hou Shuya, Zhang Bin. Preparation and Properties of Silica Gel Foam as Fire-Retardant with High Water Retention for Wood. Fire Technology. 2022; 58(6):3597-3621. DOI: 10.1007/s10694-022-01334-y

8. Aljamal Amer, Szolnoki Beata, Marosi Gyorgy. Improving thermal and flame-retardant properties of sorbitol-based bioepoxy systems by phosphorus-based flame retardants. Fire and Materials. 2022; 46(3):605-614. DOI: 10.1002/fam.3010

9. Dong Yan, Dong Chen, Jia Tan, Liping Yuan, Zizhi Huang, Dongfang Zou et al. Synergistic flame-retardant effect of a new N-P flame retardant on poplar wood density board. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2023; 211:110331. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110331

10. Luneva N.K., Onufriyeva A.V., Yezovitova T.I., Shevchuk V.V., Smychnik A.D. Wood combustion inhibitor composition based on phosphorus-nitrogen magnesium-containing metal complex. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2017; 90(9):1205-1214. EDN ZVMKAB. (rus).

11. Gazizov A.M., Sadykova A.M., Sadykov A.I. Fire resistance limits of wood depending on impregnation time. Electronic scientific journal “Oil and Gas Business”. 2023; 4:5-16. DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2023-4-5-16. EDN ­YTEKNZ. (rus).

12. Pokrovskaya Е.N. Fire-protective coatings with nanodispersed silica. Construction Economics. 2023; 3(118-122). (rus).

13. Jinhan Lu, Peng Jiang, Zhilin Chen, Luming Lia, Yuxiang Huang. Flame retardancy, thermal stability, and hygroscopicity of wood materials modified with melamine and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 267:121042. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121042. EDN YIVEBA.

14. Wentao Hao, Qiannan Zheng, Yangningjie Zhonga, Xiangkun Meng, Hualin Wanga, Longzhen Qiub et al. An eco-friendly and facile method to prepare waterborne polyurethane based fire-resistant & waterproof coatings for wood protection. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2023; 185:107892. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107892

15. Bin Liu, Penghui Liu, Zhan Ma, Musenge Chola, Mo Chen, Hongying Guo et al. Chemical, pyrolysis, combustion properties and mechanism analysis of wood treated with biomass-based carrageenan-collagen modified ammonium polyphosphate. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2024; 46:104121. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2024.104121

16. Crippa M., Morico B. PET depolymerization: a novel process for plastic waste chemical recycling. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. 2020; 179:215-229. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64337-7.00012-4

17. Balakin V.M., Krasilnikova M.A. Nitrogen-phosphorus-containing fire-retardant compositions based on the products of polyethylene terephthalate destruction by aliphatic di- and polyamines. VolGTU news. 2015; 7(164):162-165. EDN UZBIYL. (rus).

18. Cherkasov R.A., Galkin V.I. Kabachnik – Fields reaction: synthetic potential and the problem of mechanism. Advances in Chemistry. 1998; 67(10):940-968. EDN MPAYIF. (rus).

19. Balakin V.M., Krasilnikova M.A., Starodubtsev A.V., Paznikova S.N., Akhmetov T.I., Tselousov D.V. et al. Comparative assessment of fire-protective properties of phosphorus-containing fire retardants based on polyethylene terephthalate aminolysis products. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and explosion safety. 2013; 22(4):29-32. (rus).