Fire-technical characteristics of rolled basalt materials laminated with foil

Introduction. Basalt thermal insulation is widely used in the construction of buildings and structures due to its main indicator — non-flammable material. The object of the study are fifteen specimens of basalt thermal insulation laminated with foil, which are actively used in the construction market for thermal insulation of buildings, engineering solutions for fire barriers and fire resistance of structures, air ducts and cable penetrations.

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to identify materials in the category of “non-combustible material” among the fifteen specimens presented.

Methods of the study. Control tests for incombustibility were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30244–94 “Building materials. Methods of testing for combustibility”.

Results of the study. The studied materials are layered in structure; therefore, all layers were studied separately (basalt fibre and foil with glue residues). As a result of the tests, it was found that thirteen of the studied materials do not meet the requirements of incombustibility, and only two materials turned out to be incombustible, that is, they fully comply with fire safety requirements and can be used without restrictions. Of the specimens that showed unsatisfactory results, three materials were made of non-flammable components, but the combination of aluminum foil and silicate glue led to an aluminothermic reaction in which the temperature in the chamber reached values above 1,000 °C, due to the failure of the thermocouples, the experiment was stopped. Research should be continued on the basis of a large specimen of statistical data for various materials from combined layers, an addition should be made to the regulatory documents on the test method for flammability, that when testing a multilayer material, it is necessary to test not only each layer separately, but also the entire material completely, since the combination of various, albeit non-flammable components, it can lead to additive effects and, as a result, belongs to the group of combustible materials.

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