Calculation of the optimal escape route from the “Krasnoyarsk Pillars” National Park in case of a forest fire

Introduction. The “Krasnoyarsk Pillars” National Park is a popular holiday destination that attracts many tourists from all over the world. The park’s location in a forest makes it vulnerable to forest fires. A tourist memo on fire safety rules indicates not to get into a ring of fire or to be in the path of a serious forest fire. The process of ensuring fire safety for tourists in the Park was not considered within the framework of the Federal Law of 24.11.1996 Nо. 132-FZ (as amended on 13.06.2023) “Fundamentals of Tourist Activity in the Russian Federation”. The law in Art. 7 directly indicates that a tourist is obliged to observe personal safet.rules during the trip, but also defines the list of Emergencies Ministry services that will be involved in rescuing a tourist in an emergency. In this regard, in order to ensure the personal safety of a tourist, it is important to develop optimal evacuation routes and notify about them in the event of a forest fire. Preserving human life and health is a primary task of the State.

Aims and objectives. The study aims to determine the fastest and therefore safest, evacuation route from the Park, taking into account the terrain features, distance to safe zones and multiple intersections of trails. The purpose of this study is to calculate the optimal evacuation route from the “Krasnoyarsk Pillars” National Park in the event of a forest fire, taking into account territorial features and obstacles. The optimal evacuation route exists under sufficient optima­lity conditions determined from the solution of the optimization problem in real time upon actual detection of a forest fire.

Methods. Achieving the set purpose is realized by an algorithm in the developed computer programme. It finds the shortest evacuation routes by solving the optimization problem of determining the minimum. To solve the problem, Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to find the shortest paths in the graph. As part of the research, the territory of the national park is modelled as a graph. The vertices of the graph are key points (lookout points, forks in paths, exits to roads), and the edges are paths and roads connecting these points.

Results. As a result of the research, a route was calculated and laid out, reflecting the optimal evacuation distance on the map of the area, which allows visitors to effectively evacuate themselves in the event of a forest fire so ensure their personal safety. Consequently, the Ministry of Emergency Situations can organize the evacuation process of tourists so make the tourist’s process of ensuring their personal safety optimal.

Conclusions. The optimal evacuation routes from the “Krasnoyarsk Pillars” National Park in case of a forest fire are calculated. This is an important tool for ensuring the personal safety of tourists and park employees. The results of the research can be used to optimize warning, evacuation and preparation for emergency situations in the future.

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