Fire hazard of decorative textiles in the premises of public buildings and structures

Introduction. Textile materials and products are fire hazardous, occupy a significant part of the space of public buildings (hotel facilities, auditoriums, etc.), however, fire safety requirements for them are not fully established, which makes it difficult to confirm compliance with fire safety requirements.

State of the issue. An analysis of the main regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation containing fire safety requirements for textile materials and products in public buildings and structures is presented. It is established that they contain disparate and, in some cases, contradictory fire safety requirements, in addition, there is no unified methodological approach to assessing their flammability.

Research results and their discussion. Data are presented on the main current and currently being developed standard methods for classification assessment the flammability of decorative textiles depending on their purpose. Experimental studies of upholstered furniture products were carried out, methods of standard tests were developed, in which the specimen layout was established, the type of low-power ignition sources, the main parameters and criteria for classification assessment of flammability were substantiated. It was revealed that the most fire-hazardous products of upholstered furniture include compositions made of natural materials, used mainly as covers, upholstery and fillers.

Conclusions. A set of parameters and criteria for assessing the fire hazard of textile products is substantiated, a flammability classification is established, which is necessary to regulate their fire-safe application in premises of public buildings and structures, as well as to confirm compliance with the established safety requirements.

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