Numerical modelling of smoke condition of premises in case of fire taking into account different types of fire load

Introduction. According to the current methodological recommendations in the field of design and calculation of parameters of smoke protection systems for buildings and structures, both in Russia and other countries, to determine the flow rate of smoke emitted during a fire in the premises, which must be removed by exhaust smoke ventilation systems, dependencies based on the thermal power of the fireplace are used fire. The process of smoke formation in a room and its rate during a fire, in addition to the lower calorific value and specific burnout rate, can be affected by such characteristics of the fire load as smoke-forming ability, the release of toxic combustion products, etc.

Goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to verify the assumption about the influence of fire load cha­racteristics, which are not included in the value of the thermal power of the fire centre, on the process of smoke formation in the room.

Research methods. To assess the smoke content of premises during a fire, taking into account various types of fire load, computer modelling methods were used using the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package.

Results and its discussion. The results of modelling the dynamics of temperature, density and smoke visibility in rooms with an area of 100 and 200 m2 during a fire are presented, taking into account various types of fire load involved in combustion.

Conclusions. Qualitative differences in the time from the beginning of the fire to the loss of visibility, the dynamics of the optical density of the smoke-gas-air environment, as well as differences in the area of smoke in the premises indicate a significant differentiation of the process of smoke in the premises depending on the properties of the combustible load involved in the fire.

The identified influence of the characteristics of the fire load, which are not included in the thermal power of the fire source, on the process of smoke formation in the premises requires additional research to assess the efficiency of smoke removal systems from the premises, taking into account the results obtained in this paper.

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