Destructible elements of safety structures used to minimize the consequences of explosive accidents in premises

Introduction. The relevance of the present publication is caused by the fact that during the development of constructive decisions of safety locking devices (SLD) designers often use elements and materials, which are fundamentally not applicable for these purposes. The peculiarities of safety structures (SS) and light removable structures (LRS) used in buildings and premises where internal emergency explosion is possible are analyzed. The results of experimental studies on testing the performance of real structures are given.

Objective. Determination of the possibility of SS and LRS application at explosive objects, as well as restrictions on their fastening elements and used materials.

Materials and methods. Studies of LRS fixed by SLD were carried out by means of their tests on the impact of internal emergency explosion and on resistance to mechanical and wind loads (according to GOST 26602.5). Explosion tests were carried out in a cubic chamber using a propane-air mixture of stoichiometric composition. Overpressure sensors recorded explosive pressure. Video recording of the explosion process was done by speed cameras.

Results. The features of safety structures used to reduce the pressure generated by internal accidental explosions were analyzed. Explosive pressure oscillograms were constructed and analyzed based on the test results. It is shown that the use of static (wind or mechanical) loads instead of explosive loads in SS performance testing can lead to significant distortion of test results. It is experimentally established that testing of specimens of safety structures for their serviceability should be carried out only by modelling of explosive load.

Conclusions. Substitution of explosive loads for static loads during SS testing may lead to their failure in case of emergency explosion in real conditions, which may result in collapse of building structures and human casualties. Thus, testing of specimens of safety structures for their operability should be carried out only by modelling of explosive load.

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