Fire protection of floor carpets

Introduction. Textile carpets, widely used for floor coverings of public and residential buildings are usually fire-hazardous materials under intense heat exposure. Regulatory requirements for the use of floor carpet cove­rings (FCC) in public buildings limit the use of fire-hazardous materials, and therefore it is necessary to carry out measures for their fire protection. However, there are no requirements for the means of fire protection of textile materials, so, an urgent task is to develop technical documentation for the means and technology of their application for effective fire protection of textile carpet coverings.

Research methods. Standard methods of estimation of the critical density of the incident heat flux of ignition (GOST 30402), flame propagation on the surface (GOST R 51032), smoke-forming ability and toxicity of combustion products (GOST 12.1.044.89 (p.p. 4.18, 4.20)) were used for experimental studies on the factors influencing the fire hazard of FCC, including fire-protected ones.

Research results and their discussion. The analysis of the structure and chemical composition of the constituent elements of FCC, which influence the fire hazard characteristics of the material, was carried out.

It is established that the lowest fire hazard is represented by carpet coverings, which include fire-protected fibers at the stage of their production.

Currently used means by the mechanism of action of fire protection usually apply only to a certain type of pile fibers.

Experimentally shown a significant decrease in the effect of flame retardancy of FCC by surface-treated protective agents after dry and wet cleaning.

The necessity of mandatory consideration of a number of factors in the choice of means for their effective fire protection at facilities and procedures for assessing their compliance was revealed.

Conclusions. Flame retardant compositions should be developed for a specific type of carpeting, depending on its structure and chemical composition of the base and pile fibers, and the effectiveness of their action should lead to ensuring compliance with the existing requirements of fire safety regulations, depending on the field of application.

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