Current requirements to designing fire protection systems for educational establishments

Introduction. It is necessary to update requirements for designing fire protection systems for these facilities in terms of the safe evacuation and rescue of children and personnel, increase the efficiency of fire emergency response units conducting rescue operations, as well as optimize space planning and structural solutions to ensure a high level of fire safety inside buildings of preschool and general education organizations.

Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to validate the updated requirements for designing fire protection systems for buildings of preschool and general education organizations in compliance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2008 № 123-FZ «Technical regulations governing fire safety requirements» (hereinafter – «№Law 123-FZ»).

Methods. An analytical method is used to formulate and substantiate the requirements for designing fire protection systems for educational establishments within the framework of the integrated application of Law 123-FZ and with regard for current trends in architecture and structural design of similar buildings, as well as fire risk calculations.

Results. The results of the work are contributed to the amended sets of effective fire safety rules, such as SP 1.13130.2020 «Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits», SP 2.13130.2020 «Fire protection systems. The fire resistance of protected facilities», SP 4.13130.2013 «Fire protection systems. Restricting fire spread throughout protected facilities. Requirements for space planning and structural solutions» (Amendment 1), etc., as well as SP 251.1325800.2016 «Buildings of general education organizations. Design rules» (Amendment 3).

Conclusion. The research findings were employed to substantiate the current requirements for designing fire protection systems for educational establishments to improve the safety of children in the process of evacuation and rescue, if these buildings have premises featuring various classes of functional fire hazard, fire resistance limits and fire hazard classes of building structures, building materials and engineering installations.

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2. SP 2.13130.2012. Systems of fire protection. Fire-resistance security of protecting unitsprotection (Amendment No. 1). Moscow, VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2012; 22. (rus).

3. SP 42.13330.2016. Urban development. Urban and rural planning and development. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6316152.aspx (rus).

4. SP 2.13130.2020. Systems of fire protection. Fire-resistance security of protecting units. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6528503.aspx (rus).

5. SP 4.13130.2013. Systems of fire protection. Restriction of fire spread at objekt of defence. Requirements to spacial layout and structural decisions (Amendment No. 1). URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/5315802.aspx (rus).

6. GOST R 53275–2009. Fire fighting equipment. Manual fire ladders. General technical requirements. Test methods. (rus).

7. SP 1.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits. (Change 1). Moscow, VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2010; 43. (rus).

8. SP 1.13130.2020. Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6528504.aspx (rus).

9. Methodology for determining the calculated values of fire risk in buildings, structures and fire compartments of various classes of functional fire hazard. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. Moscow, VNIIPO, 2016; 79. (rus).

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11. GOST R 56026–2014. Building materials. Method for determining the fire hazard group of roofing materials. (rus).

12. SP 17.13330.2017. The roofs. Updated edition of SNiP II-26-76. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6335270.aspx (rus).

13. SP 118.13330.2012. Public buildings and works. Updated edition of SNiP 31-06-2009. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/5308986.aspx (rus).

14. SP 251.1325800.2016. Educational institution buildings. Design rules. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6258227.aspx (rus).

15. SP 7.13130.2013. Heating, ventilation and conditioning. Fire safety requirements. (Change No. 1). URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6527877.aspx (rus).

16. GOST R 53310–2009. Cable entries, sealed entries and busbar passages. Fire safety requirements. Fire test methods. (rus).

17. SP 486.1311500.2020. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment, subject to protection by automatic extinguishing and fire alarm systems. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6713466.aspx (rus).

18. SP 485.1311500.2020. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Designing and regulations rules. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6713467.aspx (rus).

19. SP 484. 1311500.2020. Fire alarm systems and automation of fire protection systems. Designing and regulations rules. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6636602.aspx (rus).

20. SP 6.13130.2021. Fire protection system. Electrical installations low-voltage. Fire safety requirements. URL: https://www.standards.ru/document/6854581.aspx (rus).