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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.03.65-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ, СООРУЖЕНИЙ, ОБЪЕКТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, OBJECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пожарная безопасность двухэтажных храмов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The fire safety of two-storey church buildings</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-0794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Присадков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prisadkov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Присадков Владимир Иванович, д-р техн. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 760543</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Prisadkov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Main Researcher</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p><p>ID RISC: 760543</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniipo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6146-8059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муслакова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muslakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муслакова Светлана Витальевна, канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела моделирования пожаров и нестандартного проектирования</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Muslakova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Re-searcher of Department of Fire Modeling and Non-Standard Design</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msv-nika@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-296X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушаков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ушаков Дмитрий Викторович, начальник отдела моделирования пожаров и нестандартного проектирования</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 751772</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Ushakov, Head of Department of Fire Modeling and Non-Standard Design</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p><p>ID RISC: 751772</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniipo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-3257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абашкин Александр Анатольевич, заместитель начальника отдела моделирования пожаров и нестандартного проектирования</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Abashkin, Deputy Head of Department of Fire Modeling and Non-Standard Design</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniipo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-7083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Присадков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prisadkov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Присадков Константин Владимирович, главный инженер</p><p>600000, г. Владимир, ул. Большая Московская, 61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin  Prisadkov, Chief Engineer</p><p>Bolshaya Moskovskaya St., 61, Vladimir, 600000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">z080637@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский ордена «Знак Почета» научно-исследовательский институт противопожарной обороны Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Центр проектно-сметных работ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Design and Estimate Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Присадков В.И., Муслакова С.В., Ушаков Д.В., Абашкин А.А., Присадков К.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Присадков В.И., Муслакова С.В., Ушаков Д.В., Абашкин А.А., Присадков К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prisadkov V.I., Muslakova S.V., Ushakov D.V., Abashkin A.A., Prisadkov K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/999">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/999</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Построенные в прошлые века двухэтажные храмы являются, как правило, памятниками истории и архитектуры. На первом этаже зданий располагается зимняя церковь, а на втором этаже — летняя церковь площадью от 80 до 200 м2. Количество людей в верхней церкви может превышать 200 чел. Из верхней церкви в историческом здании обычно предусмотрен только один эвакуационный выход. При этом возможность устройства дополнительных выходов из храма отсутствует. Возникает противоречие между законодательством об охране памятников, которое не позволяет менять исторический облик зданий, и требованиями нормативных документов по пожарной безопасности, предусматривающими устройство нескольких выходов с этажа, если количество людей, одновременно находящихся в помещении, превышает 50 чел. Целью статьи является разработка предложений в нормативные документы, выполнение которых позволит увеличить допустимое количество людей в православной церкви с одним выходом свыше 50 чел.Теоретические основы разработки предложений в нормативные документы. Применяемые сегодня методы гибкого нормирования требований пожарной безопасности позволяют гармонизировать требования законов, регламентирующих вопросы приспособления объектов культурного наследия для современного использования. Критерием пожарной безопасности двухэтажного храма является величина индивидуального пожарного риска.Расчетное обоснование эффективности системы обеспечения пожарной безопасности. Для обеспечения пожарной безопасности зданий двухэтажных храмов предложена система мероприятий, позволяющая на практике увеличить количество посетителей в верхних церквях свыше 50 чел. Рассмотрен пример действующего храма, демонстрирующий возможность увеличения количества людей в верхней церкви до 100 чел. Представлены результаты моделирования процесса эвакуации людей из верхней церкви.Выводы. На примере расчета индивидуального пожарного риска для храма с одним выходом обосновано выполнение критерия пожарной безопасности. Сформулированы предложения для включения в нормативные документы с целью допущения нахождения в храмах с одним выходом более 50 чел</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Two-storey church buildings, that date back to the past centuries, are usually regarded as monuments of history and architecture. Their facades cannot be changed when buildings are adapted for modern use. The ground floor of a church building is used as a warm winter church, and the first floor is an unheated summer church. The evacuation of church members from the ground floor in case of fire is organized in accordance with fire safety regulations. If the area of the upper church floor is 80…200 m2 or more, the number of people may exceed 100 people there. As a rule, the upper church has one evacuation exit, which is contrary to the fire safety regulations, that prescribe the availability of several exits from the upper church floor when the number of people there exceeds fifty. The purpose of the article is to propose fire safety amendments in respect of cultural heritage monuments, so that the acceptable number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.Theoretical foundations of amendments to fire safety regulations. Methods of flexible fire safety control, applied today, allow for the regulatory harmonization of the requirements applicable to the adaptation of immovable cultural heritage for modern use. The level of individual risk is the fire safety criterion for a two-storey church building.Substantiation of effectiveness of the fire safety system. A system of measures is proposed to ensure the fire safety of two-storey church buildings. The proposals will allow to increase the number of people on the first floor, so that it can exceed fifty. The case of a functional church is analyzed, which demonstrates methods of increasing the number of people inside it to one hundred. The results of modeling the process of evacuation from the upper church floor are presented.Conclusions. An individual risk, arising in a church building that has one exit, is analyzed, and the implementation of the fire safety criterion is substantiated. Draft amendments to the fire safety regulations have been proposed, so that the number of people inside a church building, that has one exit, can exceed fifty.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>объект культурного наследия</kwd><kwd>эвакуационный выход</kwd><kwd>критерий пожарной безопасности</kwd><kwd>индивидуальный пожарный риск</kwd><kwd>опасные факторы пожара</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>object of cultural heritage</kwd><kwd>emergency exit</kwd><kwd>fire safety criterion</kwd><kwd>individual risk</kwd><kwd>dangerous fire factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хасанов И.Р. Особенности пожарной опасности объектов культурного наследия религиозного назначения // Пожарная безопасность/Fire Safety. 2018. № 2. С. 100–108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khasanov I.R. 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