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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/PVB.2021.30.01.16-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-956</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ, СООРУЖЕНИЙ, ОБЪЕКТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, OBJECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение потенциала горючести и эксергетического показателя для оценки пожарной опасности грузов железнодорожного транспорта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using the flammability potential and the exergy indicator to assess the fire hazard of the rail transportation of cargoes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-5774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroleva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королева Людмила Анатольевна, канд. техн. наук, доцент, заместитель начальника кафедры пожарной, аварийно-спасательной техники и автомобильного хозяйства; РИНЦ ID: 833923</p><p>196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр-т, 149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Koroleva, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Docent, Deputy Head of Fire, Rescue Equipment and Automotive Industry Department; ID RISC: 833923</p><p>Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyudamil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-8027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайдаров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaydarov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайдаров Андрей Геннадьевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры бизнес-информатики; РИНЦ ID: 885219</p><p>190013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр-т, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Khaydarov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Docent, Associate Professor of Department of Business Informatics; ID RISC: 885219</p><p>Moskovskiy Avenue, 26, Saint Petersburg, 190013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreyhaydarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-303X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивахнюк</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivakhnyuk</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивахнюк Григорий Константинович, д-р хим. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой инженерной защиты окружающей среды; РИНЦ ID: 521920</p><p>190013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр-т, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigoriy K. Ivakhnyuk, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Head of Department of Engineering Protection of Environment; ID RISC: 521920</p><p>Moskovskiy Avenue, 26, Saint Petersburg, 190013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fireside@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5768-7462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Актерский</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akterskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Актерский Юрий Евгеньевич, д-р воен. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры пожарной безопасности зданий и автоматизированных систем пожаротушения; РИНЦ ID: 704111</p><p>196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр-т, 149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy E. Akterskiy , Dr. Sci. (Military), Professor, Professor of Department of Fire Safety of Buildings and Automated Fire Extinguishing Systems; ID RISC: 704111</p><p>Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akterskij.y@igps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский университет Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт (технический университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королева Л.А., Хайдаров А.Г., Ивахнюк Г.К., Актерский Ю.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королева Л.А., Хайдаров А.Г., Ивахнюк Г.К., Актерский Ю.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koroleva L.A., Khaydarov A.G., Ivakhnyuk G.K., Akterskiy Y.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/956">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/956</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблемы обеспечения пожарной безопасности при транспортировке опасных грузов (ОГ) на железнодорожном транспорте не решены в полном объеме. Отмечается недостаточная объективность оценки горючести веществ и материалов, отсутствие комплексного показателя, позволяющего с единых методологических позиций решать задачи повышения энергетической эффективности и обеспечения экологической и пожарной безопасности.Цель настоящей работы — обоснование возможности и преимуществ эксергетического подхода для оценки пожарной опасности ОГ на железнодорожном транспорте.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Применение потенциала горючести как комплексного показателя пожарной опасности грузов имеет ряд ограничений. Перспективным для оценки и прогнозирования пожарной опасности является эксергетический подход. Обоснование целесообразности его применения проведено на примере существующих и перспективных грузов железнодорожного транспорта.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Были установлены зависимости показателей пожарной опасности (температуры вспышки, пределов распространения пламени, температуры самовоспламенения, теплоты сгорания) компонентов жидких и газообразных топлив от химической эксергии.Изменение физической эксергии при разливе и горении изучали на примере сжиженного природного газа и сжиженных углеводородных газов различного состава. Получены модели изменения физической эксергии рассматриваемых продуктов в зависимости от температуры и давления.Для самовозгорающихся грузов определены зависимости физической эксергии от энергии активации, критической температуры окружающей среды, теплоемкости самонагревающихся материалов. Установлено влияние коэффициента теплопроводности и влажности на значение эксергии.Определены изменения эксергии в зависимости от элементного состава твердых коммунальных отходов, зольности, содержания летучих веществ и фиксированного углерода. Наибольшими значениями рассматриваемого показателя обладают полимеры и резины.Для оценки пожарной и экологической опасности веществ и материалов введен эксергетический показатель, который положен в основу классификации грузов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Применение эксергетического показателя позволяет повысить объективность оценки, дает возможность учитывать в единой системе технико-экономические, экологические критерии и показатели пожарной опасности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Problems of fire safety of dangerous goods (DG) in the process of their rail transportation have not been fully resolved. The flammability assessment of substances and materials is insufficiently impartial; an integrated indicator, that allows to apply a consolidated methodological standpoint to improve their energy efficiency and environmental/fire safety is unavailable.The purpose of this work is to substantiate the feasibility and advantages of the exergy approach to assessing the fire hazard of the exhaust gas emitted from railroad transport.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The use of the flammability potential as an integrated indicator of the fire hazard of cargoes has a number of limitations. The exergy approach has a strong potential if applied to the assessment and prediction of fire hazards. Present-day and potential railroad cargoes serve as examples that substantiate the feasibility of this approach.</p><p>Results and its discussion. Dependences between fire hazard indicators (flash points, flame propagation limits, auto-ignition points, heat of combustion) demonstrated by the components of liquid and gaseous fuels and the chemical exergy were identified.A study of changes in the physical exergy triggered by spills and combustion were illustrated by liquefied natural gas and liquefied hydrocarbon gases having various compositions. Physical exergy change patterns depending on the temperature and pressure of the above products were developed.For self-ignitable cargoes, dependences between the physical exergy and activation energy, critical ambient temperature, and heat capacity of self-heating materials were identified. The influence of thermal conductivity and humidity coefficients on the exergy value is established.Exergy changes were determined depending on the elemental composition of solid municipal waste, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content. Polymers and rubbers have the highest values of this indicator.An exergy indicator was introduced to assess fire and environmental hazards of substances and materials; it serves as the basis for the classification of cargoes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of the exergy indicator allows to increase the objectivity of assessments and take account of technical, economic, environmental criteria and indicators of fire hazards within an integrated system.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опасные грузы</kwd><kwd>углеводороды</kwd><kwd>сжиженные газы</kwd><kwd>самовозгорающиеся грузы</kwd><kwd>твердые коммунальные отходы</kwd><kwd>эксергия</kwd><kwd>теплота сгорания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dangerous goods</kwd><kwd>hydrocarbons</kwd><kwd>liquefied gases</kwd><kwd>cargoes liable to spontaneous combustion</kwd><kwd>solid municipal waste (SMW)</kwd><kwd>exergy</kwd><kwd>heat of combustion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang W., Shuai В., Zuo В., Xu Y., Antwi Е. 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