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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2020.29.01.23-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-821</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОЦЕССЫ ГОРЕНИЯ, ДЕТОНАЦИИ И ВЗРЫВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMBUSTION, DETONATION AND EXPLOSION PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние условий проведения испытаний в камере сгорания мелкомасштабной экспериментальной установки на дымообразующую способность древесины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of conditions in the combustion chamber of small-scale installation on smoke generating ability of wood</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-1339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузач</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzach</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ПУЗАЧ Сергей Викторович – д-р техн. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, начальник кафедры инженерной теплофизики и гидравлики. </p><p>Author ID: 7003537835; Researcher ID: U-2907-2019</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. PUZACH, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of Thermal Physics and Hydraulic Department.</p><p>Author ID: 7003537835; Researcher ID: U-2907-2019</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pzachsv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-7241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>МУСТАФИН Валихан Мухтарович – преподаватель кафедры оперативно-тактических дисциплин, Кокшетау­ский технический институт Комитета по чрезвычайным ситуациям МВД Республики Казахстан; адъюнкт, Академия Государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России.</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4Казахстан, 020000, г. Кокшетау, ул. Акан Серы, 136</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valikhan M. MUSTAFIN – Lecturer of Operational and ­Tactcal Disciplines Department, Kokshetau Technical Institute of the Committee for Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Postgraduate Student, State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia.</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366Akan Sera St., 136, Kokshetau, 020000, Republic of Kazakhstan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GeneralPK@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-8710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акперов</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akperov</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>АКПЕРОВ Руслан Гянджавиевич –канд. техн. наук, преподаватель кафедры пожарной безопасности в строительстве.</p><p>129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan G. AKPEROV – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Lecturer of Fire Safety in Building Department.</p><p>Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akperov01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России; Кокшетауский технический институт Комитета по чрезвычайным ситуациям МВД Республики Казахстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia; Kokshetau Technical Institute, Committee for Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пузач С.В., Мустафин В.М., Акперов Р.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пузач С.В., Мустафин В.М., Акперов Р.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Puzach S.V., Mustafin V.M., Akperov R.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/821">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/821</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Для проведения расчетов времени блокирования путей эвакуации по потере видимости реша¬ющее значение имеет удельный коэффициент дымообразования, который определяется в маломасштабной экспериментальной установке. Однако параметры процесса дымообразования зависят от множества факторов, влияние которых изучено недостаточно. Поэтому необходимо научное обоснование условий прове¬дения испытаний по определению удельного коэффициента дымообразования.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель и задачи</title><p>Цель и задачи. Целью настоящей работы является исследование влияния условий в камере сгорания на -дымообразующую способность древесины. Для достижения данной цели: выполнена модификация существующей экспериментальной установки, позволяющая определять оптическую плотность дыма внутри экспозиционной камеры; проведены экспериментальные исследования горения древесины, в ходе которых измерялась оптическая плотность дыма в зависимости от расстояния между электронагревательным излучателем в камере сгорания установки и поверхностью образца исследуемого материала.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Измерения температуры и плотности теплового потока внутри камеры сгорания проводились на различном расстоянии от электронагревательного излучателя, на сертифицированном оборудовании в условно герметичном объеме экспериментальной установки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Эксперименты показали, что удельный коэффициент дымообразования Dm существенно зависит от условий испытаний в камере сгорания. Коэффициент дымообразования, полученный на модифицированной установке при горении древесины хвойных пород, изменяется от 22,1 до 56,9 Нп·м2/кг в режиме горения и от 82,9 до 134,5 Нп·м2/кг в режиме тления. Для хвойных древесных материалов значение Dm, используемое при моделировании пожаров, равно 57–61 Нп·м2/кг, что соизмеримо с диапазоном его изменения в проведенных экспериментах. Значения коэффициента дымообразования, полученные на стандартизированной установке (ГОСТ 12.1.044–2018), значительно выше полученных на модифицированной установке: на 233,1 Нп·м2/кг в режиме горения и на 640,5 Нп·м2/кг в режиме тления.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Конструктивные особенности экспериментальной установки и условия в камере сгорания оказывают сильное влияние на величину удельного коэффициента дымообразования горючего материала. Для достоверного расчета времени блокирования путей эвакуации по потере видимости необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований, позволяющих научно обосновать методику определения коэффициента дымообразования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In order to calculate the time for blocking escape routes by loss of visibility, the value of the smoke ­generation coefficient, which is determined in a small-scale experimental installation, is critical. However, the parameters of the smoke formation process depend on a variety of factors whose influence has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, scientific justification of test conditions for determination of specific smoke formation factor is necessary. </p></sec><sec><title>Aims and purposes</title><p>Aims and purposes. The aim of this work is to study the influence of conditions in the combustion chamber on the smoke generating ability of wood. To achieve this aim: a modification of the existing experimental installa­tion was performed, which allowed determining the optical density of smoke inside the exposure chamber; experi­mental studies of burning of wood were carried out, during which the optical density of the smoke was measured on the different distances between the electric heating emitter in the combustion chamber of the installation and the surface of the sample of the material under study.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Measurements of temperature and heat flux density inside the combustion chamber were carried out at different distances from the electric radiator, using certified equipment in a conditionally sealed volume of the experimental installation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The experiments showed that the specific smoke generation coefficient significantly depends on the test conditions in the combustion chamber. The smoke generation coefficient obtained at the modified installation ­during the burning of coniferous wood varies within 22.1–56.9 Np·m2/kg in the combustion mode and 82.9–134.5 Np·m2/kg in the smoldering mode. For coniferous wood materials, the value of this coefficient used in modeling fires is 57–61 Np·m2/kg, which is comparable with the range of its changes in the experiments. The va­lues of the smoke generation coefficient obtained at the standard installation GOST 12.1.044–2018 significantly exceed the values of the above coefficient obtained at the developed installation. The difference in smoke generation coefficients obtained by the proposed method and the standard method exceeded 233.1 Np·m2/kg in the combustion mode and 640.5 Np·m2/kg in the smoldering mode.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The design features of the experimental installation and the test conditions, significantly change the conditions in the combustion chamber. This fact has a strong effect on the specific smoke generation coeffi­cient of the combustible material. Therefore, in order to calculate reliably the time of blocking evacuation routes due to loss of visibility, further investigations are necessary to substantiate scientifically the method for determin­ing the above mentioned coefficient.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожар</kwd><kwd>пожарная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>тепловой поток</kwd><kwd>потеря видимости</kwd><kwd>пути эвакуации</kwd><kwd>коэффициент дымообразования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire</kwd><kwd>fire load</kwd><kwd>heat flux</kwd><kwd>loss of visibility</kwd><kwd>escape routes</kwd><kwd>specific smoke generation coefficient</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашкин А. А., Карпов А. В., Ушаков Д. В., Фомин М. В., Гилетич А. Н., Комков П. 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