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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2019.28.06.52-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-807</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIFE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Расчетные данные для проектирования зон безопасности в зданиях лечебных учреждений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimated data for refuge area design in buildings of health care facilities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-7997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>СЕМИН Алексей Алексеевич, эксперт по ПБ, ГО и ЧС, Россия, 127299, г. Москва, Котельническая наб., 33, стр. 1; соискатель ученой степени канд. техн. наук, Россия, 129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. SEMIN, Expert on Fire Safety, Civil Defense and Emergency Situations, Kotelnicheskaya Quay, 33, Bld. 1, Moscow,  127299, Russian Federation; Cand. Sci. (Eng.) Seeker, Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">symin89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО Банк “ФК Открытие”; Академия Государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Public Joint-Stock Company Bank “Otkrytiye, Financial Corporation”; State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семин А.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/807">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/807</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проводя анализ нормативно-правовых актов по пожарной безопасности, в том числе зарубежных, можно прийти к выводу, что защита людей во время эвакуации обеспечивается в основном делением здания на пожарные отсеки, нормированием геометрических показателей путей эвакуации и выходов, оснащенностью зданий системами противопожарной автоматики. Однако для того, чтобы понять реальную возможность эвакуации людей, нужно знать их число, физическое состояние и степень мобильности, а также количество пациентов, которых будет необходимо транспортировать на носилках или в креслах-колясках.</p><p>Основная (аналитическая) часть. В статье приведены графики наполняемости медицинских отделений в различных блоках медицинского учреждения, а именно в терапевтическом и стационарно-хирургическом. Полученные эмпирические значения, представленные в настоящей публикации, являются частью ежедневного производственного процесса и носят рабочий характер: ежедневно старшие медицинские сестры собирают данные по наполняемости медицинских отделений пациентами. Общее количество обработанных эмпирических данных составило 297 000 значений.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В результате проведенных исследований становится понятно, какими геометрическими показателями должны обладать зоны безопасности и что наиболее востребованным местом для проектирования являются здания стационарно-хирургического типа. Из операционного и реанимационного отделений необходимо создавать зоны безопасности, где люди смогут ожидать своего спасения. Необходимость этого обусловлена тем, что некоторые категории больных в реанимационных блоках, а также в операционном отделении не подлежат эвакуации, поскольку операции на определенных стадиях прерывать не представляется возможным.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. When studying fire safety laws and regulations, including foreign ones, one can draw a conclusion that protecting people during evacuation is mainly ensured by dividing the building into fire compartments, specifying geometric properties of escape routes and exits, and by equipping buildings with automated fire prevention systems. However, in order to assess the actual possibility of evacuating people, their number, physical condition, and degree of mobility must be known, as well as the number of patients who will need to be moved on stretchers or in wheel-chairs.</p></sec><sec><title>Main (analytical) part</title><p>Main (analytical) part. This paper provides schedules for occupancy rates of medical departments in different units of a health care facility, namely, in the internal medicine and inpatient surgical units. Obtained empirical values presented in this publication are part of daily operating process and are included in the workflow: each day head nurses collect data on rates of patient occupancy in medical departments. The total number of processed empirical data was 297,000 values.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The studies that have been carried out demonstrate which geometrical properties must be ensured for refuge areas and that buildings of the inpatient surgical type are the most relevant location where they can be designed. Areas of refuge must be provided for surgery and intensive care departments where people can wait for rescue. Some categories of patients in intensive care units, as well as in the surgical department, are not subject to evacuation, because it is not possible to interrupt surgeries after reaching a certain stage.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коммуникационные пути</kwd><kwd>людские потоки</kwd><kwd>эвакуация</kwd><kwd>спасение</kwd><kwd>лифтовые установки</kwd><kwd>люди с ограниченными возможностями передвижения</kwd><kwd>реанимационные пациенты</kwd><kwd>классификация контингента</kwd><kwd>объемно-планировочные решения</kwd><kwd>многопрофильные медицинские учреждения</kwd><kwd>доступная среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>communication paths</kwd><kwd>human flows</kwd><kwd>evacuation</kwd><kwd>rescue</kwd><kwd>elevator units</kwd><kwd>people with restricted mobility</kwd><kwd>intensive care patients</kwd><kwd>population classification</kwd><kwd>space planning decisions</kwd><kwd>multi-field health care facilities</kwd><kwd>accessible environment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холщевников В. 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