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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2019.28.06.35-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-806</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIFE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение критериев оценки воздействия неорганических кислот на синтетические веревки для повышения безопасности работ на высоте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of criteria for assessing the effect of inorganic acids on synthetic ropes in order to improve the safety of high-altitude works</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-0969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ppe_mgsu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-2109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леликов</surname><given-names>Г. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lelikov</surname><given-names>G. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ppe_mgsu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-2508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинникова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">taniur77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-6428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корольченко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolchenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ICA_kbs@mgsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО “БАСК”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>BASK LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Василенко В.В., Леликов Г.Д., Овчинникова Т.А., Корольченко Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Василенко В.В., Леликов Г.Д., Овчинникова Т.А., Корольченко Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilenko V.V., Lelikov G.D., Ovchinnikova T.A., Korolchenko D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/806">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/806</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Необходимость проведения данного исследования обусловлена часто возникающим в промышленном высотном секторе и спорте воздействием на веревки химических реагентов и отсутствием в широком доступе информации об изменении прочности веревок после такого воздействия.</p></sec><sec><title>Цели и задачи</title><p>Цели и задачи. Задача настоящей работы состоит в получении экспериментальных данных по снижению прочности веревок на разрыв после воздействия растворов различных кислот, а также в определении критериев оценки воздействия кислот на веревки в целях повышения безопасности людей, работающих с веревками на высоте в промышленности и спорте.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Для этой цели исследовалось влияние растворов серной, соляной и фосфорной кислот (как наиболее часто встречающихся на практике в спортивной и производственной сферах) на статические полиамидные веревки (как наиболее широко используемые средства индивидуальной защиты). Методы исследования включали в себя обработку испытуемых образцов кислотой в течение 30 с и 1 ч, последующую выдержку в нормальных климатических условиях и испытания статической нагрузкой.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе исследования выделены следующие критерии тактильного обнаружения поврежденного участка: увеличение жесткости веревки; повышение твердости на участках воздействия; липкая поверхность оплетки. Наиболее сложными с точки зрения визуального обнаружения воздействия кислот оказались веревки, состоящие из разных материалов в оплетке и сердечнике: если оплетка более инертна к воздействию кислоты, чем сердечник, она маскирует повреждения сердечника. Так, образец с полиэфирной оплеткой практически не имел визуальных и тактильных отличий от нового после воздействия H2SO4 в концентрации 45 % в течение 30 с, при этом остаточная прочность составила 46,8 %. Кроме того, определены характерные особенности разрыва веревок, поврежденных кислотой: частичное вытягивание прядей сердечника; отделение оплетки от сердечника; вытягивание отдельных прядей сердечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В целом, хотя все рассмотренные растворы кислот оказывали негативное влияние на прочность образцов, не всякое воздействие можно легко обнаружить. Таким образом, результаты позволяют сделать вывод о необходимости не только тщательного инспекционного контроля, но и знания полной истории эксплуатации. Представленные результаты помогут сформировать образовательный материал для аварийно-спасательных служб и экспертных комиссий, а также повысить компетенции профильных специалистов, отвечающих за безопасность и охрану труда в различных организациях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The relevance of this work is due to the frequent occurrences of various chemical substances affecting ropes in sport and in the industry of high-altitude works, as well as due to the lack of open-access information on changes in the rope tensile strength under effect of chemicals.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims and purposes</title><p>Aims and purposes. The aim of this work is to improve the safety practices in the usage of ropes both in sport and in industry by assessing the effect of acid solutions on the rope tensile strength, and by providing recommendations for pre-usage visual inspection procedures so that to detect ropes exposed to acids.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. We study the influence of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid, as substances widespread in sport and industry, on static polyamide rope, the type of rope used commonly as personal protective equipment. The methods used involve measuring the breaking strength of the ropes after either 30 sec and 1 hr of exposure to different concentrations of these acids. In addition, photographs of ruptures are provided, so that safety specialists be able to detect future causes of rope failures.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of the tests conducted show the main markers of the effects of acids on the samples to be the following: increase in the stiffness of the rope in relation to parts not exposed to the acid; increase in the hardness in the areas of exposure, as a result of sintering of individual fibers; sticky surface of the sheath, in the cases when partial dissolution of the sheath takes place.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Though all acid solutions tested have negative impact on rope strength, not all are easy to detect. Particularly deceiving can be ropes with polyether sheath, in which the latter, being less sensitive to acids, may camouflage the damage to inner fibers, while after 30 sec of exposure to 45 % H2SO4 such damage leads to decrease in the tensile strength down to 46,8 % of its original strength. Thus, we conclude that the only reliable way to protect oneself from a rope failure is to know the history of the rope in an entire manner.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиамидная веревка</kwd><kwd>химическое повреждение</kwd><kwd>спелеология</kwd><kwd>альпинизм</kwd><kwd>веревочный доступ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polyamide rope</kwd><kwd>chemical damage</kwd><kwd>speleology</kwd><kwd>mountaineering</kwd><kwd>rope access</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manin L., Mahfoudh J., Richard M., Jauffres D. 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