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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2019.28.06.18-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-804</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О физической основе локальной токовой перегрузки в автомобильной электрической сети</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On physical basis of local current overload in vehicle electric mains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-9668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недобитков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedobitkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">a.nedobitkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-7599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдеев</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdeev</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">m.abdeeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Восточно-Казахстанский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Недобитков А.И., Абдеев Б.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Недобитков А.И., Абдеев Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nedobitkov A.I., Abdeev B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/804">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/804</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Приведенные в статье данные свидетельствуют о том, что проблема повышения пожарной без­опасности автотранспортных средств очень актуальна. Целью статьи является разработка научно обосно­ванного метода исследования медного проводника, имеющего признаки локальной токовой перегрузки, для установления причины его повреждения в ходе пожарно-технической экспертизы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методика</title><p>Материалы и методика. Исследования проводились с использованием растрового электронного микроскопа JSM-6390LV с приставкой для энергодисперсионного микроанализа. Поверхности разрушения медного проводника подвергались анализу без предварительной пробоподготовки.</p><p>Теоретические основы (теория и расчеты). Разработана уточненная модель предельного напряженно-дефор­мированного состояния неупругого чистого изгиба медного стержня, имеющего круглое поперечное сечение. Решение доведено до простых расчетных формул, позволяющих оценивать несущую способность изгибаемых одиночных медных проводников. На конкретном примере показана применимость разработанной математической модели для проведения пожарно-технической экспертизы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Приведены примеры пожаров транспортных средств, возникновение которых обусловлено критическим изгибом жгута проводов. Экспериментальными данными подтверждено, что оплавление медного проводника под действием токовой перегрузки происходит на участке критического изгиба. Обоснована необходимость уточнения формулировки термина “локальная токовая перегрузка”.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложен метод определения критического изгиба медного проводника, при котором может произойти его оплавление под действием электрического тока. Приведенные в статье данные могут быть использованы специалистами при экспертном исследовании медных проводников, изымаемых с мест пожаров, установлении механизма их повреждения и в конечном счете причины пожара автомобиля.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The data presented in the article indicate that the problem of improving fire safety of vehicles is very topical. The aim of the article is to develop a scientifically based method for studying a copper conductor with signs of local current overload in order to establish the cause of its damage during a fire-technical examination.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were carried out with a JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope with an add-on device for energy dispersive microanalysis. The fracture surfaces of the copper conductor were analyzed without preliminary sample preparation.</p><p>Theoretical foundations (theory and calculations). An updated model of ultimate stress-strain state of inelastic pure bending of a copper rod of circular cross section has been developed. The solution has been reduced to simple rating formulas that allow us to evaluate the bearing capacity of flexible single copper conductors. The applicability of the developed mathematical model during the fire-technical examination is shown by a specific example.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Examples of vehicle fires caused by critical bending of the wiring harness are given in the article. Experimental data confirmed that the copper conductor under current overload melts in the critical bend area. The need to clarify the wording of the term “local current overload” is justified.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A method for determining the critical bending of a copper conductor at which its melting can occur under electric current has been proposed. The data presented in the article can be used by experts in an expert study of copper conductors from fire sites to establish the mechanism of their damage and, ultimately, the cause of a vehicle fire.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожар</kwd><kwd>медный проводник</kwd><kwd>короткое замыкание</kwd><kwd>сверхток</kwd><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>растровая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd><kwd>изгиб</kwd><kwd>диагностический признак</kwd><kwd>пожарно-техническая экспертиза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire</kwd><kwd>copper conductor</kwd><kwd>short circuit</kwd><kwd>overcurrent</kwd><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>stress-strain state</kwd><kwd>bending</kwd><kwd>diagnostic signs</kwd><kwd>fire technical expertise</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брушлинский Н. 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