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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2019.28.04.42-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-771</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности токовой перегрузки в автомобильной электрической сети</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of current overload in the car electric network</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-9668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недобитков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedobitkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">a.nedobitkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский гуманитарно-юридический инновационный университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Недобитков А.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Недобитков А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nedobitkov A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/771">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/771</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Приведенные в статье данные свидетельствуют о том, что проблема повышения пожарной без­опасности автотранспортных средств очень актуальна. Целью статьи является разработка научно обоснованного метода исследования медного проводника, подвергнутого действию сверхтока, для установления при­чины его повреждения в ходе пожарно-технической экспертизы. Материалы и методика. Исследования проводились с использованием растрового электронного микроскопа JSM-6390LV с приставкой для энергодисперсионного микроанализа. Поверхности разрушения медного проводника подвергались анализу без предварительной пробоподготовки. Результаты и обсуждение. На основе анализа экспериментальных данных показано, что температура медного проводника, подвергнутого токовой перегрузке, существенно различается по его длине. Натурными наблюде­ниями и экспериментальными результатами установлено, что разрушение медного проводника под действием сверхтока происходит в местах, имеющих предварительное напряжение вследствие пластической деформации. Экспериментально также подтверждено, что образование шаровых оплавлений медного проводника, подвергнутого токовой перегрузке, может происходить при температуре значительно ниже температуры плавления меди. На основе анализа теоретических данных показано, что при токовой перегрузке в медном проводнике происходят не только тепловые и электромагнитные процессы, но и пластическая дисторсия. Заключение. Предложен метод дифференциации повреждения при пожаре (токовая перегрузка, короткое замыкание) медного проводника. Токовая перегрузка характеризуется такими признаками, как вздутия или шаровые оплавления, расположенные в местах изгиба медного проводника, отсутствие признаков массопереноса. Установлено, что признаки, выявленные на поверхностях разрушения медного проводника, подвергшегося протеканию сверхтока, являются устойчивыми и не подвержены изменениям в естественных условиях хранения. Приведенные в статье данные могут быть использованы специалистами при экспертном исследовании медных проводников, изымаемых с мест пожаров, установлении механизма их повреждения и, в конечном ­счете, причины пожара автомобиля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The data given in the article show that the problem of fire safety in motor vehicles is highly relevant. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientifically based method of research for the copper conductor exposed to overcurrent to find the reason of its damage when making a fire investigation. Materials and methods. The research was conducted using the JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope for energy dispersive spectroscopy. The surfaces of the copper conductor rupture were analyzed without any preliminary sample preparation. Results and discussion. The analysis of the experimental evidence demonstrates that the temperature of the copper conductor exposed to current overload varies significantly along its length. It was found through the field studies and experimental results that the rupture of the copper conductor under the action of overcurrent happens in the sections that have prestress due to the plastic deformation. The experiment proved that the formation of ball fusing of the copper conductor exposed to current overload may take place at a substantially lower temperature than that of the copper smelting. The analysis of the theoretical data shows that during the current overload not only thermal and electromagnetic processes but also plastic distortion occur at the copper conductor. It also demonstrates that the strand connection of copper wires results in a fire hazard not in every instance. Conclusion. A method for differentiating fire damages at the copper conductor (current overload, short circuit) was suggested. The current overload has such features as blistering or ball fusing in the bending points and the lack of any signs of mass transfer. It was found that the features of the damaged surfaces of the copper conductor exposed to overcurrent are stable and not subject to changes in the natural storage conditions. The data given in the article can be used by specialists when making an expert examination of copper conductors from the fire locations, identifying a mechanism for their damage and, finally, a cause of fire.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожар</kwd><kwd>медный проводник</kwd><kwd>большое переходное сопротивление</kwd><kwd>короткое замыкание</kwd><kwd>сверхток</kwd><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>растровая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>диагностический признак</kwd><kwd>микрослед</kwd><kwd>пожарно-техническая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>пластическая дисторсия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire</kwd><kwd>copper conductor</kwd><kwd>high transition resistance</kwd><kwd>short circuit</kwd><kwd>overcurrent</kwd><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>diagnostic feature</kwd><kwd>ultratrace</kwd><kwd>fire investigation</kwd><kwd>plastic distortion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брушлинский Н. 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