Дан анализ существующих методов подачи огнетушащих веществ для тушения пожара на сверхвысоту - от 100 м и более. Выявлены положительные и отрицательные стороны существующих методов. Предложена принципиально новая насосно-рукавная система подачи воды или ее растворов на высоту более 200 м посредством комбинированного применения двухступенчатых насосов высокого давления и рукавов повышенной прочности, а также с использованием сухотрубов, стационарно установленных в зданиях. Полностью подтверждены теоретические предположения и расчеты в ходе опытно-экспериментальных учений на реальном объекте с наивысшей отметкой 213 м. Приведены результаты эксперимента в виде рабочих характеристик испытываемой насосно-рукавной системы с использованием рукавной линии повышенной прочности диаметром 66 мм и сухотруба 80 мм. Выполнен анализ полученных результатов и основных характеристик имеющихся пожарно-технических средств. Предложены основания для проведения комплексного эксперимента на больших высотах в целях подтверждения граничных условий применения комбинированного метода и выработки методических указаний по применению различных методов подачи воды и ее растворов в различных условиях оперативно-тактической обстановки на пожарах в высотных зданиях.
The purpose of this research is to design and experimental testing of a prototype system, which combines the use of a high pressure pump and reinforced hose to deliver suitable flow rates of liquid fire extinguishing agents (FEA) to firefighters in high-rise buildings at altitudes in excess of 200 m. The main components consist of a high pressure fire pump, coupled with 66 mm diameter reinforced high-strength delivery hoses. For altitudes up to 150 meters, it is permissible to use the traditional methods in which two centrifugal pumps connected in relay, the pressures achieved using relayed pumps in sync more than meet the needs of operations at this height. Issues are encountered, when it is necessary to push a column of water more than 150 meters, it is necessary to use alternative methods. To counter the issue, a holistic approach is required, encompassing a new strategy with modern equipment and methods of extinguishing fires at high altitudes. The new researched method tested combines the use of hoses of high strength with a working pressure of 3-4 MPa in conjunction with the high-pressure pump, for the purpose of the research, the chosen is a Rosenbauer NH25 with a parameters of 4 MPa at 6.6 l/s. The choice of high tensile strength hose is an important issue. As a result of calculations and comparative analysis of equipment, hoses of 66 mm diameter where determined as being the “Golden mean”. Another important element of the system is a specially designed adapter between the connections STORZ 38 and GOST R 53279-2009 66 mm “Bogdanovskaya”. In experimental exercises using an high rise with a height of 213 meters, a two-stage pump Rosenbauer N(H)25, and hoses of high strength Ziegler Pioneer 500 with a working pressure of 2.5 MPa, Æ66 mm was deployed and dry pipe Æ80 mm. It is also a very effective option if a dry pipe system can be intergrated into the method. There is no time for delivery of the vertical line and pic up of the FEA can be introduced on different floors. Theoretical estimates were confirmed in the conducted experiment, which proves the possibility of application. In comparison with existing methods, it as the obvious advantages of reduced time to deploy and much reduced manpower requirements. Analysis of working characteristics of the latter, samples high-pressure pumps Rosenbauer NH55, and the calculations, give the prerequisites for carrying out experimental exercises at altitudes of more than 350 meters to determine the maximum potential and development of recommendations for fire brigade use.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.