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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2019.28.02.66-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-747</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЖИЗНЕДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIFE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование процесса эвакуации из высотных зданий и сооружений с использованием пассажирских лифтов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of evacuation process in high-rise buildings and structures with using passenger elevators</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гравит</surname><given-names>M. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gravit</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., 29</p><p>ГРАВИТ Марина Викторовна, канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры “Строительство уникальных зданий и сооружений”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251</p><p>Marina V. GRAVIT, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Docent, Associate Professor of Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures Department </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.gravit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карькин</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karkin</surname><given-names>Ilya N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620062, Свердловская обл., г. Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 66, кв. 4</p><p>КАРЬКИН Илья Николаевич, канд. физ-мат. наук, директор ИП “Карькин И. Н.”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pervomayskaya St., 66, Apartment 4, Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Region, 620062</p><p>Ilya N. KARKIN, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head of FireCat (PE “I. N. Karkin”) </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilya@pyrosim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>Ivan I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., 29</p><p>ДМИТРИЕВ Иван Игоревич, студент кафедры “Строительство уникальных зданий и сооружений”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251</p><p>Ivan I. DMITRIEV, Student of Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures Department  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.i.dmitriev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенков</surname><given-names>К. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkov</surname><given-names>Kirill A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., 29</p><p>КУЗЕНКОВ Кирилл Александрович, студент кафедры “Строительство уникальных зданий и сооружений”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polytechnicheskaya St., 29, Saint Petersburg, 195251</p><p>Kirill A. KUZENKOV, Student of Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzenkovk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>FireCat (ИП “Карькин И. Н.”)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FireCat (PE “I. N. Karkin”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гравит M.В., Карькин И.Н., Дмитриев И.И., Кузенков К.A., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гравит M.В., Карькин И.Н., Дмитриев И.И., Кузенков К.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gravit M.V., Karkin I.N., Dmitriev I.I., Kuzenkov K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/747">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/747</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В связи с возрастанием количества многоэтажных зданий и сооружений и тенденцией увеличения числа пожилых людей особенно остро встает вопрос об эвакуации людей с ограниченной мобильностью из таких зданий. В высотных зданиях пути эвакуации очень протяженные, что делает процесс эвакуации для данных групп не только трудным и опасным, но и физически невозможным. При этом большинство препятствий для использования лифтов в качестве основного пути эвакуации устранено если не полностью, то частично.</p><p>Цель статьи — моделирование эвакуации людей из высотного здания с применением лифтов в качестве одного из основных путей. При этом поставлены следующие задачи: 1) определить зависимость времени эвакуации от параметров движения людей разных групп мобильности; 2) сравнить расчетное время эвакуации по лестничной клетке и с использованием лифтов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методика</title><p>Методика. Программный комплекс Pathfinder применялся для расчета эвакуации людей из смоделированного здания. Время эвакуации рассчитывалось для случаев эвакуации как исключительно по лестницам, так и при частичном использовании лифтовых узлов. Расчеты проводились с учетом наличия маломобильной группы населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Определено влияние на расчетное время эвакуации с использованием лифтов параметров времени (начала эвакуации и задержки подачи сигнала), состава потока (моделирование с учетом различных групп мобильности), а также этажа начала эвакуации для каждой группы. Выполнено сравнение времени эвакуации по лестничной клетке и с использованием лифтов. Получены зависимости наиболее оптимального процентного соотношения количества людей, использующих первый и второй варианты эвакуации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Требования к пожаробезопасности лифтов столь же высоки, как и для незадымляемых лестничных клеток. В 60-этажных офисных зданиях (в отличие от 20-этажных) использование лифтов и меры по управлению людским потоком существенно сокращают расчетное время эвакуации. Для высотных зданий в перспективе необходимо рассматривать организацию эвакуации с применением лифтов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The number of multi-storey buildings and structures increases every year. Now there is an improving tendency of elderly people who remains be able to work even in old age. The issue of evacuation people with reduced mobility is especially acute. In high-rise buildings, evacuation paths are very long, which makes the evacuation process for these groups not only difficult and dangerous, but also physically impossible. At the same time, most problems with using elevators as the main evacuation path have been almost solved. The article’s purpose is to simulate the evacuation process from a high-rise building with using elevators as one of the main path. Tasks: 1) determine the evacuation time dependence on the movement parameters of people different mobility groups; 2) compare the evacuation time on the staircase and through the elevators.  Methods. The Pathfinder PC was used to calculate the people evacuation from a modeled building. The evacuation time was calculated using both ladders exclusively and with partial use of vertical elevator units. The calculations were carried out taking into account the presence of the reduced mobility population group. Results and discussion. The evacuation time was obtained using only the ladder and compared with the theoretical computation. The effect on evacuation time with time parameters (the evacuation start and signal delay), the flow composition (various mobility groups), and the evacuation base level for each group are calculated. The evacuation time is compared on the staircase and through elevators. Optimal percentage dependences of people, who use the first and second versions of evacuation, are obtained. Conclusion. The requirements for fire elevators safety are as high as for non-smoke-free staircases. In 60-storey office buildings (in contrast to the 20-storey), the use of elevators and manage measures for the human flow significantly reduce the evacuation time. For high-rise buildings in the future, it is necessary to consider the organization of evacuation with the use of elevators.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>многоэтажные здания и сооружения</kwd><kwd>пожарная безопасность</kwd><kwd>моделирование пожара</kwd><kwd>эвакуация</kwd><kwd>параметры движения людей</kwd><kwd>опасные факторы пожара</kwd><kwd>пожарный лифт</kwd><kwd>группы мобильности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multi-storey buildings and structures</kwd><kwd>fire safety</kwd><kwd>fire simulation</kwd><kwd>evacuation</kwd><kwd>movement parameters of people</kwd><kwd>dangerous fire factors</kwd><kwd>fire lift</kwd><kwd>mobility group</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Статистика пожаров в Российской Федерации за 2017 от 03.02.2018 // Электронная энциклопедия пожарного дела. 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