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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/PVB.2019.28.01.22-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ВЕЩЕСТВ И МАТЕРИАЛОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физический механизм и способ тушения жидких углеводородов модифицированными суспензиями воды с углеродными наноструктурами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physical mechanism and method for fire liquid hydrocarbons by modified water suspensions of carbon nanostructures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд.техн.наук,доцент кафедры пожарной безопасности технологических процессов и производств</p><p>Россия, 196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>CandidateofTechnicalSciences,Associate Professor of Department of Fire Safety of Technological Processes and Production</p><p>Moscow Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spark002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопов</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropov</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт кафедры физико-технических основ обеспечения пожарной безопасности</p><p>Россия, 196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of Department of Physical-Technical Basics of Fire Safety</p><p>Moscow Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrytoropov2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р пед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой физико-технических основ обеспечения пожарной безопасности</p><p>Россия, 196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Physical and Technical Basics of Fire Safety</p><p>Moscow Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luvlmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. пед. наук, профессор кафедры высшей математики и системного моделирования сложных процессов</p><p>Россия, 196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of Department of Higher  Mathematics and Systems Modeling of Complex Processes</p><p>Moscow Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenakali21@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов А.В., Торопов Д.П., Медведева Л.В., Калинина Е.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов А.В., Торопов Д.П., Медведева Л.В., Калинина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov A.V., Toropov D.T., Medvedeva L.V., Kalinina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/733">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/733</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение.Целью настоящей работы является определение механизма тушения жидких углеводородов и разработка способа их тушения водосодержащими суспензиями с УНС.Материалы. В качестве наноматериалов, диспергированных в дистиллированную воду, использовались нефункционализированные (non-funct) и функционализированные многослойные углеродные нанотрубки (MWCNT), а также астралены (Astr).Экспериментальная часть включала определение pH суспензий; исследование наноструктур методом атомно-силовой микроскопии; измерение поверхностного натяжения суспензий; определение скорости их нагрева до температуры кипения, удельной теплоты парообразования; измерение времени тушения модельного очага класса В.Результаты и обсуждение. Механизм тушения горящих жидких углеводородов суспензиями воды с УНС достигается за счет интенсификации процессов теплоотвода в зоне горения паров нефтепродуктов. Диспергирование малых концентраций УНС (MWCNT, Astr) 0,05–1,0 % об. в водосодержащие составы приводит к увеличению скорости нагрева до температуры кипения и более интенсивному парообразованию, улучшению огнетушащих характеристик при подаче распыленных капель суспензий в зону горения.В суспензиях DW + non-funct MWCNT и DW + MWCNT с концентрацией 0,8–1,0 % об. повышение огнетушащей эффективности достигается за счет увеличения удельной теплоты парообразования до 2300…2400 кДж/кг, для DW + Astr с концентрацией 0,2–0,5 % об. — 2400…2600 кДж/кг, для DW + Carbopol ETD 2020 + MWCNT с концентрацией 0,5–1,0 % об. — 1100…1400 кДж/кг.Зависимость времени тушения от скорости нагрева до температуры кипения имеет экстремум в интервале 5,5…6,5 °С/мин для суспензий DW+non-funct MWCNT и DW+MWCNT с концентрацией 0,8–1,0 % об., 5,5…6,5 °С/мин для DW+Astr с концентрацией 0,2–0,5 % об. и 6,0…8,0 °С/мин для DW + Carbopol ETD 2020 + + MWCNT с концентрацией 0,5–1,0 % об.Заключение.Предложенный способ пожаротушения позволяет значительно повысить эффективность ОТВ наоснове воды при тушении жидких углеводородов за счет интенсификации процессов испарения и охлаждения зоны горения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The purpose of this work is to determine the mechanism for extinguishing liquid hydrocarbons and develop a method for extinguishing them with water-based suspensions with carbon nanostructures.Materials. Nonfunctionalized (non-funct) and functionalized multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), as well as astralenes (Astr), were used as nanomaterials dispersed in distilled water.</p></sec><sec><title>Experimental part</title><p>Experimental part. The experimental part included determining the pH of the suspensions; research of nanostructures by atomic force microscopy; measurement of surface tension suspensions; determining the rate of their heating to the boiling point, the specific heat of vaporization; time measurement of extinguishing model hearth class B.Results and discussion. The burning liquid hydrocarbons extinguishing mechanism with water and carbon nanostructures suspensions is achieved by intensifying the processes of heat removing from the petroleum product vapors combustion zone. Dispersion of low concentrations of carbon nanostructures (MWCNT, Astralen) 0.05–1.0 % by vol. in aqueous compositions on the base of distillated water (DW) leads to increase the heating rate to the reflux temperature and more intense steam generation, an improvement in the quenching characteristics when sprayed drops are applied to the combustion zone.In suspensions DW+non-funct MWCNT and DW+MWCNT with concentration 0.8–1.0 % by vol. fire extinguishing efficiency increase by increasing the values of specific heat of vaporization up to the interval 2300…2400 kJ/kg, for DW+Astralen with concentration 0.2–0.5 % by vol. — 2400…2600 kJ/kg, for DW+Carbopol ETD 2020+ +MWCNT with concentration 0.5–1.0 % by vol. — 1100…1400 kJ/kg.The quenching time dependence of the heating rate to boiling point has a characteristic extremum in the range of 5.5…6.5 °C/min for suspensions DW+non-funct MWCNT and DW+MWCNT with concentration of 0.8–1.0 % by vol., 5.5…6.5 °C/min for DW + Astralen with concentration of 0.2–0.5 % by vol. and 6.0…8.0 °C/min for DW+Carbopol ETD 2020+MWCNT with concentration of 0.5–1.0 % by vol.Conclusion. Proposed fire extinguishing method can significantly increase fire extinguishing agents effectiveness to eliminate the liquid hydrocarbons burning due to water and carbon nanostructures suspensions droplets intensive heating to the boiling point, evaporation and cooling of the combustion zone. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>огнетушащее вещество</kwd><kwd>многослойные углеродные нанотрубки</kwd><kwd>астралены</kwd><kwd>электрофизическое воздействие</kwd><kwd>гелеобразователь</kwd><kwd>теплопередача</kwd><kwd>парообразование</kwd><kwd>ван-дер-ваальсовы силы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire extinguishing agent</kwd><kwd>multilayer carbon nanotubes</kwd><kwd>astralenes</kwd><kwd>electrophysical effects</kwd><kwd>gelling agent</kwd><kwd>heat transfer</kwd><kwd>vaporization</kwd><kwd>van der Waals interactions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasbash D. 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