На испытательном стенде МГСУ были проведены первые в России приемочные испытания легкосбрасываемых конструкций (сэндвич-панелей и стеклопакета). На основании анализа данных этих испытаний нами показано, что увеличение удельной массы ЛСК (с 9 до 25 кг/м2) приводит к ухудшению их свойств как средства обеспечения безопасности при взрыве в помещении по двум параметрам: повышению давления взрыва по сравнению с давлением сброса ЛСК (при испытаниях от 0,5 до 3,5 кПа) и увеличению времени ее сброса. Отмечено, что наши результаты на качественном уровне вполне согласуются с известными, полученными на моделях. Сделаны два вывода: правомерность использования результатов модельных опытов при расчетах характеристик реальных легкосбрасываемых конструкций сомнительна; на данном этапе исследований об эффективности ЛСК можно судить только по результатам ее испытаний в условиях, приближенных к реальным.
Nowadays the characteristics of the serial pressure-relief panels used to limit the pressure of gas explosions in the room are calculated from the results obtained in the model experiments. These data are available in well-known publications such as NFPA 68 (USA), and a series of works by researchers from the Moscow State University of Economics and Management. The papers state that an increase in the specific mass of panels in a gas explosion in a room leads to an increase in the time of their discharge and an increase in the maximum pressure value. On this basis practical recommendations containing quantitative parameters are given. However, the validity of using the results of model experiments for real structures has not been confirmed. The purpose of our work is to evaluate the validity of using the results of model tests in calculations of characteristics of real structures. The assessment was based on the results of a search for a general relationship between the results of model and full-scale tests. The search for dependence was carried out among the published data obtained on the models, and the results of our full-scale tests. The results of full-scale tests were obtained during testing of serial panels in a cubic-shaped explosive chamber with a volume of 10 m3, with a discharge area of 2 m2. A propane-air mixture was used, ignition was carried out at the center of the chamber. It was found that an increase in the specific gravity of the panel from 9 to 25 kg/m2 leads to an increase in the explosion pressure in the room by a value between 0.5 and 3.5 kPa, in comparison with the pressure at which the area attachment collapse. The reset time of the panel also increases from 10 to 50 milliseconds. Our data are in good agreement with the known model data, but only at a qualitative level. The attempt to combine the data of model and full-scale tests by one dependence was unsuccessful because the known similarity criteria developed for the explosion process in this case proved to be ineffective. Two conclusions were drawn: § it is doubtful to use the results of model experiments in calculating the characteristics of real lightweight structures; § at this stage of research, the effectiveness of LCS can be assessed only by the results of its tests under conditions close to real.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.