Предложен новый вероятностный метод определения требуемых пределов огнестойкости строительных конструкций, отличный от приведенного в ГОСТ Р 12.3.047-2012. Показано, что он основан: во-первых, на сравнении распределений таких случайных величин, как расчетные времена эвакуации и спасения людей при пожаре на производственном объекте, с одной стороны, и пределы огнестойкости строительных конструкций - с другой, в отличие от стандартного метода, сравнивающего эквивалентную продолжительность пожара и предел огнестойкости; во-вторых, на праве владельца объекта рисковать своим имуществом при безусловном выполнении требований по безопасности персонала производственного объекта и населения, проживающего вблизи объекта. Представлены примеры применения предложенного метода для случаев эвакуации и спасения людей. Отмечено, что для широкого применения метода требуется задание таких исходных данных, как требуемая надежность строительных конструкций, расчетное время эвакуации и дисперсия его нормального распределения, расчетное время спасения и дисперсия его нормального распределения, дисперсия нормального распределения предела огнестойкости.
Introduction. In this study in accordance with the main principles of a probabilistic approach a method for a determination of required fire resistance limits of building structures of industrial objects was proposed. This method is based on a comparison of such random values as the fire resistance limits and the times required for an evacuation and a rescue. This method is particularly useful for external installation (for example pipe racks) of oil and gas plants. Methods. A new probabilistic method for a determination of required fire resistance limits of building structures of industrial objects is proposed, which differs from that presented in GOST R 12.3.047-2012. The method is based on a comparison of distribution functions for such random values as an evacuation time, a time required for a rescue and fire resistance limits and differs from the method described in GOST R 12.3.047-2012, in which an equivalent fire duration and the fire resistance limits are compared. The proposed method takes into account that an owner of the object can risk of his property at an undoubtedly execution of requirements of a safety of people in the case of the fire (both personnel and people living near the object). These requirements are stated in a common in the article 6 of the Federal law on 22.07.2008 No. 123-FZ “On a technical regulation of a fire safety in Russian Federation”. Results. The method was tested for the cases of the evacuation and the rescue of people. It was mentioned that for an application of the proposed method the following input data are required: the required reliability of the building structures, the evacuation time and its standard deviation of a distribution, the time required for the rescue and its standard deviation of a distribution, the standard deviation of a distribution of the fire resistance limit. Conclusion. In this study a new method for an evaluation of the required fire resistance limits of the building structures of industrial objects was proposed which is mostly applicable for the external technological installation (for example pipe racks) of oil and gas plants. The required reliability of the building structures is stated by a directive way. The evacuation time can be evaluated by the methods described in normative documents. But for other values either an analysis of statistical data is required (for the case of the standard deviation of the distribution of the fire resistance limit) or large scale experiments (the standard deviations of the distributions of the evacuation time and the time required for the rescue) should be performed.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.