На основании анализа статистики по пожарам на судах показано, что, несмотря на относительно небольшое их количество, они весьма опасны для людей, приносят значительный материальный ущерб и их сложно тушить. Проанализирована информация о практике тушения пожаров на различных типах судов в период нахождения их в портах. Сделан вывод, что пожары на них условно делятся на три группы: в жилых и служебных помещениях; в машинно-котельных отделениях; в грузовых помещениях. Рассмотрены особенности развития пожаров по группам судовых помещений. Отмечено, что на основании проведенного анализа, обобщения опыта тушения пожаров на различных типах судов и с учетом особенностей развития пожаров в различных группах судовых помещений разработаны рекомендации для подразделений Федеральной противопожарной службы МЧС России по тушению этих пожаров.
The growing of effective control of guards of Federal Firefighting Service of Emercom of Russia in case of fire fighting operations on ships is impossible without deep analysis of information which prospect of present practice of fire fighting of ships of various types of ships. Such differences are caused by features of space-planning and constructive solutions of courts, existence by the developed system of ventilation and air conditioning, character of fire loading, etc. that predetermines ways of transfer of heat at the fires, and also features of distribution of burning. In article information on practice of suppression of the fires on various types of vessel during stay them in ports is analyzed. From this analysis the conclusion is drawn that despite variety of types of vessel, the fires arising on them are conditionally divided into three groups: the fires in residential and service premises; the fires in machine and boiler departments; the fires in stowage spaces. Features of development of the fires in groups of ship rooms are considered. The analysis of information on the fires in courts also showed that scales and consequences of the fires depend on design features of courts, the transported freight, fire protection systems, concentration of necessary number of forces and means and on efficiency of the made decisions. It is noted that based on the carried-out analysis of information on the fires in the courts which are in ports of generalization of experience of suppression of the fires on various types of vessel and taking into account features of development of the fires in various groups of ship premises there are worked out “The recommendations for divisions of Federal Firefighting Service Emercom of Russia about suppression of the fires on land inshore facilities of the ports and courts which are at moorings and piers of seaports and on inland waterways” which application in practice shall promote increase in effective management of divisions of FPS Emercom of Russia in case of suppression of the fires.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.