канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры бизнес-информатики.
190013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 2б.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, Associate Professor of Department of Business Informatics.
Moskovskiy Avenue, 26, Saint Petersburg, 190013.
канд. техн. наук, доцент, заместитель начальника кафедры пожарной, аварийно-спасательной техники и автомобильного хозяйства.
196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 149.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, Deputy Head of Fire, Rescue Equipment and Automotive Industry Department.
Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105.
д-р хим. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой инженерной защиты окружающей среды.
190013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 2б.
Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Engineering Protection of Environment.
Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105.
Обоснована возможность применения эксергетического подхода к оценке пожарной опасности перевозок таких опасных грузов, как твердые коммунальные отходы (ТКО), на железнодорожном транспорте. Проведен анализ изменения морфологического состава отходов с 20-х годов ХХ века по настоящее время. Выполнен расчет химической эксергии и теплоты сгорания ТКО. Выявлены основные тенденции их изменения и представлены зависимости между эксергией и теплотой сгорания ТКО различного морфологического состава. Определены преимущества эксергетического подхода к оценке пожарной опасности при обращении ТКО на железнодорожном транспорте.
Introduction. The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the important problems of our time. Security is only possible when solving this problem.
The amount of MSW is steadily increasing. The project of garbage transportation from Moscow and St. Petersburg by railway is begins to have results to solve problems related to waste management.
The purpose of this work is to substantiate the possibility and advantages of using the exergy fire risk assessment of transportation of MSW in railway transport.
Theory and calculations. The concept of chemical exergy is used to effectively design energy conversion processes, study the level of environmental impact of equipment and technologies, and determine the possibility of minimizing it.
The exergy method can be applied to the assessment of energy-ecological efficiency and the fire hazard of the transport of dangerous waste by train.
Analysis of changes in the morphological composition of the waste was implemented from the 20s of XX century to the present. Formulas for calculating chemical exergy and HHV of MSW were presented.
Results and discussion. The values of chemical exergy and HHV of MSW are determined. An increase in the values of these indicators was acknowledged, which is determined by changes in the morphological composition of the waste.
The dependence between exergy and HHV for the components of MSW was obtained, the correlation coefficient is R2 = 0.975. The dependence between the exergy of TCR of different morphological composition and the HHV, R2 = 0.977, was built. As a result, an analysis of changes in these characteristics was proven by years and the determinated by cities in Russia.
It was proposed to introduce the concept of “exergy” in the procedure for determining the hazard class of MSW. The advantages of the exergy assessment of the fire danger of traffic on the railway transport are revealed.
Conclusion. The exergy approach allows to comprehensively address the issues of energy-ecological efficiency and fire hazard of waste management processes in railway transport. Accounting for indicators of fire hazard through exergy when assigning the hazard class MSW contributes to improving the safety of traffic on the railway transport.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.