firesmiПожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion SafetyPozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety0869-74932587-6201ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»10.18322/PVB.2018.27.09.50-63firesmi-690Research ArticleСРЕДСТВА И СПОСОБЫ ТУШЕНИЯ ПОЖАРОВMEANS AND WAYS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHINGАНАЛИЗ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИХ И ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НОВОЙ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОЖАРОВЗРЫВОЗАЩИТЫ СУДОВ, КОРАБЛЕЙ, НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПЛАТФОРМANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND JUSTIFICATION OF APPLYING NEW AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR FIRE-AND-EXPLOSION PREVENTION AT VESSELS, SHIPS, OFFSHORE OIL PLATFORMЗахматовВ. Д.ZakhmatovV. D.

д-р техн. наук, профессор, профессор научно­организационного отдела.

196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 149.

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor.

Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105.

zet.pulse@gmail.comТурсеневС. А.TursenevS. A.

канд. техн. наук, начальник отдела планирования, организации и координации научных исследований.

196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 149.

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of Department of Planning, Organization and Coordination of Scientific Research.

Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105.

stursenev@yandex.ruМироньчевА. В.MironchevA. V.

канд. техн. наук, доцент, начальник кафедры переподготовки и повышения квалификации специалистов.

196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 149.

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Retraining and Advanced Training of Specialists.

Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105.

mironchev@list.ruЧернышовМ. В.ChernyshovM. V.

д-р техн. наук, профессор кафедры "Плазмо- газодинамика и теплотехника".

190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, 1-я Красноармейская ул., 1.

 Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of Plasmogazodynamics and Heat Engineering Department.

1-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya St., 1, Saint Petersburg, 190005.

mvcher@mail.ruОзеровА. В.OzerovA. V.

директор фирмы "Зола".

198095, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Промышленная, 19, литер. Р, оф. 301.

Director of the Zola Company.

Industrialnaya St., 19, letter P, of. 301, Saint Petersburg, 198095.

ДорожкинА. С.DorozhkinA. S.

старший преподаватель кафедры пожарной безопасности зданий и автоматизированных систем пожаротушения.

196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский просп., 149.

Senior Lecturer of Department of Fire Safety of Buildings and Automated Fire Extinguishing Systems.

Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105.

Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России.РоссияSaint Petersburg University of Fire Service of Emercom of Russia.Russian FederationБалтийский государственный технический университет "ВоенМех" им. Д. Ф. Устинова.РоссияBaltic State Technical University "VoenMeh" named after D. F. Ustinov.Russian FederationБизнес-центр "Редуктор".РоссияBusiness Center Reduktor.Russian Federation2018191020182795063Copyright © Захматов В.Д., Турсенев С.А., Мироньчев А.В., Чернышов М.В., Озеров А.В., Дорожкин А.С., 20182018Захматов В.Д., Турсенев С.А., Мироньчев А.В., Чернышов М.В., Озеров А.В., Дорожкин А.С.Zakhmatov V.D., Tursenev S.A., Mironchev A.V., Chernyshov M.V., Ozerov A.V., Dorozhkin A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/690

На основе анализа состояния систем пожарной защиты кораблей, судов показан большой разрыв между скоростью распространения пожаров и перехода их во взрыв, масштабами пожаров на них и возможностями этих систем. Обосновывается необходимость широкого внедрения уникальных многоствольных модулей импульсного мультивихревого распыления различных огнетушащих составов для защиты кораблей, судов, морских нефтепромысловых платформ. Рассматриваются многоствольные модули уникальной конструкции, создающие путем импульснозалпового распыления газоводяные шквалы, газопорошковые вихри, способные тушить все возгорания и сплошные пожары сразу по всему пространству отсека или даже участку палубы в течение нескольких секунд. Дается описание и анализ экспериментов, приводятся рекомендации по применению многоствольных модулей. Обсуждаются варианты их использования на различных плавательных средствах для тушения пожаров, обеспечения эвакуации, предотвращения взрывов паровоздушных смесей, осаждения токсичных облаков, локализации и ликвидации розливов нефти.

Introduction

Introduction. A brief analysis of catastrophic fires and explosions on the offshore oil platform, ships and vessels is performed. It’s shown the relevance of the qualitative improvement of marine fire equipment. Analysis of modern fire fighting systems on vessels, ships: sprinkler, deluge, gas and pneumatic-impulse fire extinguishing systems is carried out. It’s substantiated new equipment for upgrading existing systems — subsystems of multi-module pulse, vortex combined quenching for the protection of ships, vessels, tankers, offshore oil platforms. The choice of the arrangement of modules based on the results of polygon tests is described. There are created systems of modules for the upper decks, engine rooms, holds, corridors, gangways, sections, electrical cabinets, etc.

The modules create gas-water squalls, gas-powder vortices that extinguish all fires and continuous fires in all or part of the compartment and deck in seconds. The participation of pilot modules in operations for eliminating the consequences of disasters in hard-to-reach zones of collapses, with high levels of radioactive and toxic contamination in emergency locations is described.

Description and analysis of experiments. The recommendations on the use of multi-barrel modules based on the analysis of experiments on the creation of fine-dispersed water squalls for extinguishing developed fires of classes A, B, C, F, the inhibition of explosive vapor-air clouds, the deposition and detoxification of gas-air clouds of ammonia and chlorine are substantiated and developed. The localization and liquidation of oil and oil products are described. The possibility of reducing the cost of liquidation of 1 sq m of bottling from $ 20-40 to $ 1-3 is shown, and reducing the time for liquidation of bottles to 5-10 times, which in a more multiple degree will reduce material and environmental losses from oil bottling.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The advantages of introducing new technology and techniques for eliminating the consequences of accidents at sea and preventing their development into a catastrophe are summarized.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.