д-р техн. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры "Технология транспортного машиностроения и ремонта подвижного состава".
127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, 9, стр. 9.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Technology of Transport Mechanical Engineering and Repair of Rolling Stock Department.
Obraztsova St., 9, Bldg. 9, Moscow, 127994.
д-р техн. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры "Вагоны и вагонное хозяйство".
127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, 9, стр. 9.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Cars and Carriage Economy Department.
Obraztsova St., 9, Bldg. 9, Moscow, 127994.
д-р техн. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой "Вагоны и вагонное хозяйство".
127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, 9, стр. 9.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Cars and Carriage Economy Department.
Obraztsova St., 9, Bldg. 9, Moscow, 127994.
д-р техн. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела пожарной безопасности промышленных объектов, технологий и моделирования техногенных аварий.
143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Principle Researcher of Department of Fire Safety of Industrial Facilities, Technologies and Modeling of Technogenic Accidents.
VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903.
д-р техн. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры "Вагоны и вагонное хозяйство".
127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, 9, стр. 9.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Cars and Carriage Economy Department.
Obraztsova St., 9, Bldg. 9, Moscow, 127994.
Приведены результаты комплексных исследований по обеспечению пожаровзрывобезопасности цистерн для перевозки опасных грузов. В итоге разработаны: сценарии и расчетные режимы пожароопасных аварийных ситуаций с цистернами; методики и программные средства для моделирования поведения вагонов при пожароопасных авариях; конструктивные решения в виде эластомерных поглощающих аппаратов, защитных экранов днищ, предохранителей от само- расцепа автосцепок, дуг безопасности для защиты горловины, сливоналивной, предохранительной и контрольной арматуры, огнезащитных покрытий; ряд моделей цистерн для перевозки опасных грузов. Отмечено, что необходимо принять единую техническую политику при перевозке пожароопасных грузов по железным дорогам.
Introduction. The work is devoted to the results of many years of research to ensure the fire and explosion safety of tanks for liquefied petroleum gases, conducted by the Moscow state University of Railways (MIIT), together with other organizations.
Methods. On the basis of statistical data, the main scenarios of emergency situations were determined.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of tanks under emergency conditions associated with dynamic and thermal effects were carried out. Numerous experiments were carried out both on full-scale samples and on models using the theory of similarity. The results of the ex¬periments are used both for verification of theoretical models and for specification of parameters of the calculation schemes.
The mathematical models developed in the framework of theoretical research were implemented in the form of a package of computer programs and used later to select the parameters of the means of protection.
Results. In terms of protection against thermal effects, the following were proposed: safety valves, fire-retardant coatings, upgraded versions of control, drain and safety valves using design solutions adopted in nuclear engineering. In particular, the use of fire-resistant coatings SGKprovides an increase of 2.5-3.5 times the time of the accident-free stay of the tank in the fire.
A new layout of the drain-filling pipes is recommended, which significantly reduces the proba¬bility of breakage of the elements of the drain-filling fittings. The design of safety arcs and nodes for connection of arc elements with the shell is proposed.
Conclusion. On the basis of the whole complex of the conducted researches the family of tanks for the transportation of liquefied hydrocarbon gases was developed, the production of which was carried out at the enterprises of Russia, Ukraine, Japan, Poland.
However, there is a problem of contradictions in the regulatory documentation on the issues of fire and explosion safety of tanks, which requires the formation of a unified technical policy in this area.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.