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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18322/pvb.2018.27.5.34-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-671</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности короткого замыкания в автомобильной электрической сети</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Specific features of short circuit in automobile electrical system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недобитков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedobitkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры информатики и математики</p><p>070014, г. Усть-Каменогорск, ул. Астана, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor,Department of Informatics and Mathematics </p><p>Astana St., 48, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070014</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский гуманитарно-юридический инновационный университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Недобитков А.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Недобитков А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nedobitkov A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/671">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/671</self-uri><abstract><p>Показано, что пожары на автотранспортных средствах относятся к особо тяжелым происшествиям, поэтому проблема повышения их пожарной безопасности очень актуальна. Экспериментально проиллюстрировано, что при коротком замыкании в электрической цепи, содержащей аккумуляторные батареи типа 51АН/280А и бОАН/ЗЗОА, в ряде случаев не происходит образования шарового оплавления у медного многопроволочного проводника сечением 0,75 мм2, а наблюдается выгорание отдельных проволочек проводника, прилипание их к стальной поверхности и разрушение в непосредственной близости отточки контакта. Приведены результаты исследования на растровом электронном микроскопе JSM-6390LV образцов медных многопроволочных проводников и стальной ленты, подвергшихся воздействию короткого замыкания при напряжении 12 и 24 В. Даны снимки поверхностей оплавления медных многопроволочных проводников и стальной ленты, подвергшихся воздействию короткого замыкания. Установлены характерные диагностические признаки, позволяющие методом растровой микроскопии идентифицировать причину повреждения при пожаре (высокотемпературное воздействие, короткое замыкание, токовая перегрузка) медного проводника в электрической цепи с напряжением 12 В. Установлено, что выявленные признаки являются устойчивыми и не подвержены изменениям в естественных условиях хранения автомобиля, получившего повреждения в результате термовоздействия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is shown that fires on vehicles refer to particularly severe accidents, so the problem of increasing their fire safety is extremely important. It is experimentally illustrated that in a number of cases, when a short circuit happens in an electrical circuit containing 51AH/280Aand 60AH/330A batteries, a spherical fusion is not formed in a copper conductor with a cross-section of 0.75 mm^, but there is a burnout of separate conductor wires, their adhesion to the steel surface and destruction in the immediate vicinity of the contact point. The results of a study with JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope of copper multiwire conductors samples and steel band exposed to short circuits at a voltage of 12 and 24 V are given. There are shown photographs of the copper multiwire conductors' fused surfaces, as well as of the steel band exposed to short circuits. Characteristic diagnostic factors are found out that allow to identify the cause of the damage in the event of a fire (high-temperature exposure, short circuit, current overload) of a copper conductor in an electrical circuit with a voltage of 12 V using the method of scanning microscopy. It is found out that the detected factors are stable and are not prone to changes in the natural storage conditions of a vehicle, which was damaged as a result of thermal exposure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожар</kwd><kwd>растровая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>диагностический признак</kwd><kwd>микрослед</kwd><kwd>судебная пожарно-техническая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>первичное короткое замыкание</kwd><kwd>вторичное короткое замыкание</kwd><kwd>токовая перегрузка</kwd><kwd>медный проводник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>diagnostic feature</kwd><kwd>ultratrace</kwd><kwd>forensic fire and technical expertise</kwd><kwd>primary short circuit</kwd><kwd>secondary short circuit</kwd><kwd>current overload</kwd><kwd>copper conductor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брушлинский Н.Н., Соколов С. 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