Проведен анализ климатических зон Российской Федерации. В ходе анализа выявлены зоны с холодным климатом, имеющие факторы, оказывающие негативное влияние на технические средства тушения пожара. Отмечено, что наибольшей суровостью климата отличается северная климатическая зона России. Рассмотрена история становления пожарной техники, предназначенной для работы в условиях низких температур, которая охватывает почти 200-летний период. Показано, что за этот период, благодаря развитию технологий пожаротушения, были решены частные задачи защиты отдельных элементов мобильных средств пожаротушения. Показано также, что на основе многолетнего опыта применения технических средств для тушения пожаров в условиях низких температур решена комплексная задача создания пожарно-спасательного автомобиля в северном исполнении.
In the article the analysis of the climatic zones of the Russian Federation is performed. The analysis showed that the areas with cold climates having factors having a negative impact on technical means of fire extinguishing are identified. It all started from extinguishing tube with a furnace, which is also mounted on horse-drawn wagons. However, over the last century it was intensive development of technical means of fire fighting. The advent of the internal combustion engine contributed to the mechanization of fire fighting equipment. First of all, with horse traction the water pumps moved to the car chassis, which allowed to improve pump-hose system. There is a need of protection from the negative impact of more items of pump-hose systems. Initially, for fire vehicles to ensure the thermal stability of individual elements of a pump-hose system it’s used the energy of the exhaust gases of the engine. Analyzing all technical solutions, it can be noted that they protect from low temperatures only the individual elements of a fire truck. A comprehensive solution for security of fire equipment from the negative effects of low air temperatures to 2010 was not available. Using nearly 200 years experience in the use of technical means to extinguish fires in conditions of low temperatures, State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia in 2010 formed and proposed the concept of creation North of the fire truck. In 2011, scientists of the State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia jointly with the engineering staff of JSC “Vargashinsky factory fire and special equipment”, with the participation of the Yakut branch of RAS designed and developed fire-rescue vehicle in a climatic design CL PSA-S-6,0-40(6339). Thus, it is possible to say that technical means of fire control, adapted for operation in low temperatures, have a history stretching over 200 years. During the period, the development of technologies for firefighting, there are solved particular problems of protection of individual elements of mobile fire fighting equipment, and the complex task of creating a fire rescue vehicle in North version.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.