Дан анализ основных требований к радиоканальным системам передачи извещений о пожарах и чрезвычайных ситуациях в части повышенной защищенности от электромагнитных наводок, возможности выбора рабочей частоты и наличия динамической маршрутизации, позволяющей использовать резервные и обходные маршруты при невозможности доставки сигналов о пожаре по основным маршрутам. Рассмотрен алгоритм функционирования системы радиоканального пожарного мониторинга, в которой в автоматическом режиме, без участия персонала объекта, передается сигнал о пожаре в службу “01”, что позволяет значительно сократить время реагирования на сигнал тревоги. Показано, что применение двухстороннего радиоканала позволяет существенно расширить функциональные возможности системы мониторинга, в частности появляется возможность добавить функции системы оповещения. В МЧС России разработана совмещенная система мониторинга и оповещения в виде комплекса “Радиоволна” для своевременного доведения сигналов оповещения и экстренной информации до органов управления гражданской обороны и населения на муниципальном и объектовом уровнях. Рассмотрены функциональные возможности комплекса “Радиоволна”. Показано, что использование одного оборудования для мониторинга и оповещения даст существенную экономию бюджетных средств.
The purpose of this article is to review the main technical and operational requirements for modern wireless systems, monitoring of fire safety facilities and warning the population about the occurrence of a fire or emergencies. Important role in reducing the severity of the consequences from fires plays an early detection and rapid transmission of the message on a fire, ensuring the timely adoption of measures for its liquidation. To ensure the safety of people in emergencies it's necessary to solve two priorities: to monitor the condition of objects and the transfer of information from the objects of the emergency services response and to inform the public about the danger through the transmission of information to a wide range of people. It’s possible by using of professional wireless analogue addressable fire alarm systems with two-way exchange protocol. Wireless systems alarm transmission must provide an implementation of the requirements of the new regulatory framework applicable to fire alarm systems and notification. The system of radio channel monitoring of fire safety in automatic mode, without participation of the staff of the facility shall without delay send a signal about the fire service “01” that will significantly reduce the response time to an alarm. For reliable work of system it is necessary to allocate for the needs of the emergency radio channel with a separate band of radio. The use of two way radio has greatly expanded the functionality of the monitoring system. Currently there are added functions of the system. System monitoring and alerts should provide the capability to collect the signal about a fire and other emergencies from the object to the control of the Emercom , and the ability to inform the public of an emergency (intercoms in homes; loudspeakers in the streets; scoreboard “Ticker” in institutions; video screens at train stations). Such a combined warning system was developed by Emercom of Russia jointly with the VNIIPO of Emercom of Russia in the form of complex “Radio wave”. Special technical means complex “Radio wave” is designed to provide in a timely manner alerts and emergency information to authorities, officials, civil defence force and the population about the dangers arising from the threat of or occurrence of a disaster. The use of a unified system that combines the functions of monitoring and alerting can significantly reduce costs, including budget. It is possible to make an unambiguous conclusion that the radio system early detection of fires and other emergencies, and prompt alerts will allow to radically change the existing situation for the protection of people and objects from fire and accidents.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.