Представлены результаты исследования влияния трех огнебиозащитных систем, различных по своей химической природе и механизму огнезащитного действия, при их глубоком введении в структуру древесного материала на физико-механические свойства и показатели пожарной опасности древесины. Установлено влияние степени поглощения и глубины пропитки на прочностные характеристики древесины и показатели ее пожарной опасности. Показано благоприятное влияние глубокой пропитки древесины при незначительной степени поглощения на снижение ее воспламеняемости и способности распространять пламя по поверхности. Обнаружено, что при введении в структуру древесины огнебиозащитных составов с данным уровнем поглощения ухудшения физико-механических показателей не происходит. Получены данные по снижению дымообразующей способности импрегнированной древесины исследуемыми составами.
This paper presents the results of research of influence on physical, mechanical and fire properties of wood to its impregnation with the use of three fire and bio protective systems: 1. The system is based on the solution of inorganic nitrogen - phosphorus-containing compounds (composition 1). 2. The system is based on organic nitrogen-phosphorus-containing compounds, which was used as the commercially available fire and bio protective composition Ammofon-1 (composition 2); 3. The system is based on organic film-forming intumescent substances, which was used as a product of oxidation of plant polysaccharides (composition 3). The obtained results demonstrate that the introduction of the fire and bio protective compounds in the wood structure is the most positive effect on such indicators of fire hazard such as flammability and ability to spread flame over the surface. At the same time, the levels of absorption (from 25-30 kg/m3) do not lead to deterioration of physical and mechanical properties that says about the prospects of using the method of deep impregnation to reduce the fire hazard of bearing and enclosing structures made of wood, eliminating the possibility of the development of latent combustion and rapid development of the fire. The most difficult issue is the reduction of smoke generation ability and toxicity of combustion products, to reduce which it is necessary to enter in the structure of the wood compounds in excess of commercially reasonable levels (more than 40 kg/m3). Moreover, in this case may indeed be some degradation of physical and mechanical properties of wood and its adhesion properties. At the same time, the excess impregnation can effectively be used for decorative layers of glued structures, or when using wooden elements (do not perform structure functions) in the decoration of the premises, including emergency exits. In this case, given the generally small size wooden finishing elements, the excess impregnation does not pose any technological difficulties. The results of the work determined control values, characterizing the influence of absorption level on the physical, mechanical and fire properties of wood (see Table).
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.