The model of economic evaluation and substantiation of choice of explosion-relief valves (ERV) as well as determination of efficiency of explosion protection of buildings and constructions organized during the construction stage is considered in this article. It is shown that the important role in design of explosive productions is played by choice of economically effective materials for ERV. It is noted that choose of any type of ERV should minimize full costs of its erection and exploitation taking into account probability of emergence explosions. The considered method allows selecting such materials for ERV which reduce full costs to minimum. The equation for economic evaluation of choice of ERV type allow to establish total costs of construction, exploitation and reconstruction of buildings taking into account probability of explosion. The analysis of this equation and further calculations show that for buildings equipped with remote and (or) automatic production control, where explosions occur at intervals of 12-15 years or more, decrease of ERV areas is economically justified. For optimization of explosion safety costs it is necessary to use probabilistic methods of determination of explosion possibility and to realize the relevant protective measures.