Разработан и применен на практике испытательный комплекс, позволяющий в лабораторных условиях непрерывно проводить исследования по возникновению и развитию природных пожаров, поскольку в реальных условиях их осуществление связано с большими материально-техническими затратами и во многом зависит от климатических условий. Приведено краткое описание испытательного комплекса, методика проведения исследований по воздействию модельного низового лесного пожара слабой интенсивности на торф и древесину, широко применяемые в строительстве деревянных конструкций в населенных пунктах. Методом ИК-диагностики определено изменение температуры на поверхности деревянных образцов. Показано, что полученные в экспериментах результаты позволяют более целенаправленно проводить исследования в области пожарной безопасности и создавать новые приборы и методы борьбы с природными пожарами различной интенсивности.
The science topics on wildfires have been developed in Tomsk State University since 1977. During this time it was created the general methods of statement and solution of the new conjugated problems of the reacting media mechanics and the ecology, including usage of the several mathematical models of the multiphase reacting media mechanics and the methods of probability theory. In continuing of the serious scientific work our colleagues developed the forecasting technique of forest fire danger; the probabilistic model of occurrence of a fire tornado; physical and mathematical theory of forest fires. It was experimentally and theoretically revealed the amplification effect of the blast waves in case of their interaction with pyrolysis zone of the forest fire front. It were also developed 22 new ways and devices for wildfire fighting; techniques of forecasting emissions of harmful substances (including radionuclides) in the atmosphere in case of wildfires, burning of oil and oil products; and appropriate application software packages. And, finally, it was created new mathematical models of problems of the heat-mass exchange and burning in the swirling flows in various technological devices. The acquired experience allows us to determine the main characteristics of wildfires using mathematical modeling. To create the mathematical model we used the results of both full-scale and laboratory experiments. To expand the database in order to obtain in-depth knowledge of wildfires it was generally conducted the laboratory experimental investigations. Along with forest and steppe fires there is a considerable interest in the study of peat fires, as well as wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. For this purpose it was constructed the test complex equipped by modern recording devices. This allowed expanding the range of investigations by means of both the thermocouple and the infrared diagnostics (ID) methods. Particularly, the ID method was used to estimate the temperature on the surface of wood test samples and to define the parts which are mostly exposed to ignition. By means of the thermocouple method it was researched the mechanism of lowering of the heat source into the peat mass depending on its location, and it was defined values of the ignition delay time and the motion rate of combustion front through the peat mass.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.