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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2025.34.06.67-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СРЕДСТВА И СПОСОБЫ ТУШЕНИЯ ПОЖАРОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEANS AND WAYS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международный опыт обеспечения пожарной безопасности применения литий-ионных батарей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International experience in ensuring fire safety using lithium-ion batteries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-2547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шебеко</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shebeko</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ШЕБЕКО Юрий Николаевич, д.т.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>143903, Московс­кая обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, 12</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 47042, Scopus: 7006511704</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury N. SHEBEKO, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>VNIIPO, 12, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143903, Russian Federation</p><p>Scopus: 7006511704</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yn_shebeko1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский ордена «Знак Почета» научно-исследовательский институт противопожарной обороны Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шебеко Ю.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шебеко Ю.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shebeko Y.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1579">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1579</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проведено обоснование необходимости анализа международного опыта обеспечения пожарной безопасности применения литий-ионных батарей (ЛИБ). Актуальность статьи обусловлена большим количеством инцидентов с пожарами и взрывами на объектах различного назначения, где применяются ЛИБ. Целью работы является аналитический обзор исследований в области всевозможных аспектов пожарной безопасности использования ЛИБ в различных странах мира.</p><p>Анализ имевших место аварий и пожаров с участием литий-ионных батарей. Проанализированы имевшие место в мировой практике эксплуатации ЛИБ аварии с пожарами и взрывами. Выявлены три группы условий возникновения упомянутых инцидентов: перегрев или воздействие внешнего пламени, излишний заряд или короткое замыкание, механическое разрушительное воздействие.</p><p>Условия возникновения и развития аварий ЛИБ. Описаны основные явления, реализующиеся при авариях ЛИБ. При аварии происходит неконтролируемый нагрев содержимого батареи с образованием большого количества горючих газов, зажигание которых приводит к сгоранию образовавшейся газовоздушной смеси, в том числе и в режиме взрыва. В составе этих газов зарегистрированы водород, метан, этилен, пропан и более тяжелые углеводороды. На вероятность возникновения аварии в значительной степени влияет уровень заряда батареи — чем он выше, тем более вероятна авария и больше ее последствия.</p><p>Методы ликвидации аварий и пожаров литий-ионных батарей. Отмечена важная роль аварийной вентиляции в предотвращении образования взрывоопасных газовоздушных смесей. Тушение пожаров ЛИБ существенно осложняется тем обстоятельством, что самоускоряющиеся химические реакции внутри аварийной батареи могут протекать без доступа воздуха. Поэтому применение газовых средств пожаротушения может привести к повторным воспламенениям после ликвидации первоначального очага пламени, если не произвести необходимое охлаждение горящей батареи. В силу этого наиболее подходящим средством пожаро­тушения является вода.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа сделан вывод, что аварии и пожары ЛИБ обусловлены протеканием самоускоряющихся реакций в электролите батареи. При этом, помимо выделения тепла, образуется большое количество горючих газов. Отмечено, что в качестве средства пожаротушения рекомендуется применение воды.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The necessity of analyzing international experience in ensuring fire safety in the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) was substantiated. The relevance of the paper is due to the large number of incidents involving fires and explosions at various facilities where LIB are used. The aim of the work is to provide an analytical review of research in the field of all possible aspects of fire safety in the use of LIB in different countries around the world.</p><p>Analysis of LIB accidents with fires and explosions. The accidents with fires and explosions taking place at LIB applications were analyzed. The three types of conditions leading to the LIB accidents were revealed: overheating or flame action; overcharge or short circuit; mechanical destruction.</p><p>Conditions of an initiation and evolution of LIB accidents. Main phenomena taking place at the LIB accidents were described. A thermal runaway with heating and decomposition of the electrolyte with a generation of high quantities of flammable gases occurs. An ignition of these gases may cause an explosion with the following fire. These gases can include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, propane and other hydrocarbons. A state of charge (SOC) of a battery influences strongly the consequences of the accident — the higher is SOC the more probable is the accident and the heavier are its consequences.</p><p>Methods for elimination of LIB accidents and fires. It was mentioned that an extinguishing of LIB fires is complicated by the circumstance that self-accelerating runaway reactions inside batteries proceed without a presence of oxygen. Therefore an application of gaseous, powder and aerosol fire extinguishing agents can lead to secondary ignitions after a liquidation of a flame if the necessary cooling of the battery is not made. A conclusion is made that water is more suitable and reliable agent for a fire extinguishing of LIB.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that accidents and fires involving LIBs are caused by self-accelerating reactions in the battery electrolyte. In addition to heat release, this process generates a large amount of combustible gases. It was noted that water is recommended as a fire extinguishing agent.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>самоускоряющиеся реакции</kwd><kwd>горючие газы</kwd><kwd>уровень заряда батареи</kwd><kwd>аварийная вентиляция</kwd><kwd>средства пожаротушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>self-accelerating reactions</kwd><kwd>flammable gases</kwd><kwd>state of charge</kwd><kwd>accidental ventilation</kwd><kwd>fire extinguishing agents</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емельянов Р.А., Казаков А.В., Бухтояров Д.В., Хатунцева С.Ю. Развитие нормативной базы в области пожаротушения литий-ионных аккумуляторов // Пожарная безопасность/Fire Safety. 2024. № 1 (114). С. 97–101. DOI: 10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.011. 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