firesmiПожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion SafetyPozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety0869-74932587-6201ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»10.22227/0869-7493.2025.34.04.83-90firesmi-1530Research ArticleВОПРОС-ОТВЕТQUESTION – ANSWERАнализ токсичных выбросов и опасных факторов пожара при тепловом разгоне литий-ионных батарейThermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries: analysis of toxic emissions and fire hazardsХарламенковА. С.KharlamenkovA. S.

ХАРЛАМЕНКОВ Александр Сергеевич, заместитель начальника кафедры специальной электротехники, автоматизированных систем и связи

129366, г. Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 4

РИНЦ AuthorID: 763967

Aleksandr S. KHARLAMENKOV, Deputy Head of Department of Special Electrical Engineering

Borisa Galushkina St., 4, Moscow, 129366

RSCI AuthorID: 763967

h_a_s@live.ruАкадемия Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Феде­рации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситу­ациям и ликвидации последствий стихий­ных бедс­твийРоссияAutomation Systems and Communication, the State Fire Academy of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination on Consequences of Natural DisastersRussian Federation2025290820253448390Copyright © Харламенков А.С., 20252025Харламенков А.С.Kharlamenkov A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1530

Представлены сведения об особенностях теплового разгона литий-ионных батарей (ЛИБ) различных типов и связанных с ним опасных факторов пожара. Выполнено обобщение данных по составу газообразных продуктов, выделяющихся при термическом разрушении компонентов ЛИБ с акцентом на повышенную токсичность угарного газа и фтороводорода. Проведен анализ экспериментальных концентраций данных веществ и их сопоставление с действующими нормативами (ПДК, IDLH, AEGL) с учетом объема помещений. Установлено, что даже одна ячейка ЛИБ может привести к превышению допустимых уровней CO и HF при недостаточной вентиляции. Даны рекомендации по включению специфических сценариев с участием ЛИБ в расчет пожарного риска и необходимости дополнительных исследований по моделированию их горения.

The article addresses the Thermal runaway of various lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and related fire hazards. Information about the composition of gaseous products released during thermal destruction of LIB components was summarized with a focus on the extreme toxicity of carbon monoxide and hydrogen fluoride. Experimental concentrations of these substances were analyzed and matched against effective standards (Maximum Permissible Concentrations, IDLH, AEGL), taking into account the volume of premises. It is found that even one LIB cell can cause permissible levels of CO and HF to be exceeded if ventilation is insufficient. It is recommended to contribute specific scenarios, involving LIBs, to the fire risk analysis and conduct more research on combustion modeling.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.