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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">firesmi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пожаровзрывобезопасность/Fire and Explosion Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/0869-7493.2024.33.04.52-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">firesmi-1406</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ, СООРУЖЕНИЙ, ОБЪЕКТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, OBJECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Система мониторинга и прогнозирования пожароопасных состояний мест размещения и накопления твердых коммунальных отходов при их захоронении и транспортировке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>System of monitoring and predicting of fire hazardous conditions of municipal solid waste disposal and accumulation sites during their disposal and transportation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-5774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroleva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КОРОЛЕВА Людмила Анатольевна, д-р техн. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры пожарной, аварийно-спасательной техники и автомобильного хозяйства; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории проблем экологии транспортных систем</p><p>196105, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр-т, 149;199178, г. Санкт-­Петербург, 12-я линия ВО, 13</p><p>Scopus: 57395471000, ResearcherID: HJZ-4255-2023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. KOROLEVA, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Docent, Professor of Fire, Rescue Equipment and Automotive Industry Department; Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Environmental Problems of Transport Systems</p><p>Moskovskiy Avenue, 149, Saint Petersburg, 196105;12th Line VO, 13, Saint Petersburg, 199178</p><p>Scopus: 57395471000, ResearcherID: HJZ-4255-2023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyudamil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-8027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайдаров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaydarov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ХАЙДАРОВ Андрей Геннадьевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент, генеральный директор</p><p>191036, г. Санкт-Петербург, 3-я Советская ул., 7, пом. 5н</p><p>Scopus: 57395680500, ResearcherID: ACX-2398-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. KHAYDAROV, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Docent, General Director</p><p>3-ya Sovetskaya St., 7, room 5n, Saint-Petersburg, 191036</p><p>Scopus: 57395680500, ResearcherID: ACX-2398-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreyhaydarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский университет Государственной противопожарной службы Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий имени Героя Российской Федерации генерала армии Е.Н. Зиничева; Институт проблем транспорта им. Н.С. Соломенко Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination&#13;
on Consequences of Natural Disasters named after Hero of the Russian Federation, Army General E.N. Zinichev; Solomenko Institute of Transport Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>OOO «Аналитические системы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company “Analytical systems”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королева Л.А., Хайдаров А.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королева Л.А., Хайдаров А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koroleva L.A., Khaydarov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1406">https://www.fire-smi.ru/jour/article/view/1406</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пожары на объектах размещения и накопления твердых коммунальных отходов (ТКО) при их захоронении и транспортировке возникают с достаточной регулярностью. В настоящее время они практически не прогнозируются. Их обнаружение в большинстве случаев происходит, когда горение распространилось на значительные площади.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель и задачи</title><p>Цель и задачи. Разработка системы мониторинга и прогнозирования состояния мест размещения и накопления ТКО, позволяющей обнаруживать очаги горения, прогнозировать динамику изменения ключевых параметров и давать оценку пожарной опасности рассматриваемых объектов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ систем мониторинга мест размещения и накопления ТКО. Доказано, что наиболее перспективными для предупреждения возникновения пожароопасных ситуаций на рассматриваемых объектах являются методы прогнозирования с помощью искусственных нейронных сетей и машинного обучения. Определены этапы рабочего процесса при реализации технологии машинного обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана система показателей для оценки пожароопасных состояний мест размещения и накопления отходов. Создана модель, позволяющая на основе полученных с датчиков данных прогнозировать динамику изменения ключевых параметров и давать оценку пожарной опасности мест размещения и накопления отходов с учетом выбранного горизонта планирования. Определены требования к модели, выполняемые задачи, проведены сбор и очистка данных, маркировка, конструирование признаков. Проведено обучение модели и ее оценка. Обоснован метод обнаружения аномалий на основе обучения без учителя.</p><p>Разработана модель, позволяющая на основе полученных с датчиков данных обнаруживать очаги горения, в том числе скрытые, с указанием их местоположения и границ. Представлены характеристики основных сценариев, определяющих структуру и использование сервиса «Умный полигон». Разработана его архитектура. Обоснованы преимущества использования. Проведено тестирование разработанных моделей.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Применение сервиса «Умный полигон» позволит визуализировать информацию о состоянии мест захоронения отходов и результатах прогнозирования; сформировать отчет по полигону за выбранный период; осуществлять своевременное оповещение и передачу необходимой информации о возможности или возникновении горения; выбирать наилучшие решения, направленные на минимизацию пожарного риска и проводить контроль их эффективности.</p><p>Результаты проведенного исследования войдут в качестве модуля в состав комплексной платформы для риск-ориентированного прогнозирования, снижения экологической и пожарной опасности мест размещения и накопления ТКО.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Fires at disposal and accumulation sites of municipal solid waste (MSW) during their disposal and transportation occur with sufficient regularity. At present, they are practically not predicted. Their detection in many cases occurs when the burning has spread over significant areas.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims and objectives</title><p>Aims and objectives. The aim of the work is to develop a system of monitoring and forecasting of conditions of places of disposal and accumulation of MSW that enables to detect burning areas, to forecast the dynamics of changes in key parameters and to assess fire danger of the objects in question.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of monitoring systems for places of disposal and accumulation of MSW was made. It is proved that forecasting methods based on artificial neural networks and machine learning are the most promising for preventing fire-hazardous situations at the examined objects. The stages of the working process in the implementation of machine learning technology are defined. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A system of indicators for assessing the fire hazardous conditions of waste disposal and accumulation sites is developed. A model allowing to forecast the dynamics of change of key parameters and to give an assessment of fire hazard of waste disposal and accumulation sites taking into account the chosen planning horizon on the basis of the data received from sensors is created. The requirements for the model, the tasks to be performed were determined, data gathering and cleaning, labelling, design of attributes were performed. The model was trained and evaluated. A method of anomaly detection based on teacherless learning was justified. </p><p>A model was developed that allows detecting combustion spots, including hidden ones, with indication of their location and boundaries, based on the data received from sensors. Characteristics of the main scenarios determining the structure and use of the Smart Site service are presented. Its architecture is described. Benefits of its usage are proved. The developed models are tested.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The application of the “Smart Polygon” service will enable visualization of information about the state of waste disposal sites and forecasting results; generate a report for the polygon for a selected period; provide timely notification and transfer necessary information about the possibility or occurrence of fires; select the best solutions aimed at minimizing fire risk and monitor their effectiveness.</p><p>The results of the study will be included as a module in an integrated platform for risk-oriented forecasting, reduction of environmental and fire hazard of disposal sites and accumulation of solid waste.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полигон</kwd><kwd>свалка</kwd><kwd>горение</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>модель</kwd><kwd>искусственная нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>сервис «Умный полигон»</kwd><kwd>платформа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polygon</kwd><kwd>combustion</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>model</kwd><kwd>artificial neural network</kwd><kwd>“Smart Polygon” service</kwd><kwd>platform</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Королева Л.А., Свидзинская Г.Б., Хайдаров А.Г., Ивахнюк Г.К. 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